A Comprehensive Literature Review of JAK Inhibitors in the Treatment of Alopecia Areata

The review explored the use of janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors in treating alopecia areata (AA), a chronic immune-mediated form of hair loss. AA often results in spontaneous hair regrowth, but this can take months or years, causing emotional distress. Traditional treatments have limited efficacy, but advancements in understanding AA's pathomechanisms have led to targeted therapies like JAK inhibitors. These inhibitors block the T-cell mediated inflammatory response by inhibiting the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, potentially reversing hair loss. The review analyzed recent studies to assess the efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitors, focusing on randomized controlled trials and other recent research.