Immunological challenges associated with artificial skin grafts: available solutions and stem cells in future design of synthetic skin

The document discussed the challenges of immune acceptance and long-term survival of artificial skin grafts, which were crucial issues since autografts were often not viable. Artificial skin substitutes emerged as alternatives to reduce reliance on cadaver skin grafts. Despite significant research into skin repair and transplantation strategies, including donor cell treatments, stem cell therapies, and bio-engineered skin substitutes, these substitutes remained susceptible to immunological rejection. The review detailed the mechanisms of skin rejection and tolerance induction, and explored current strategies and alternatives aimed at achieving successful full-thickness skin replacement and repair.