Hydrogels Modulating the Microbiome: Therapies for Tissue Regeneration with Infection Control

The document reviews the potential of functionalized hydrogels in modulating the microbiome for tissue regeneration and infection control. Hydrogels can encapsulate probiotics, prebiotics, antimicrobials, and immune-modulatory agents to enhance tissue healing and prevent infections. Techniques like encapsulating Lactobacillus plantarum improve bacterial viability and immune tolerance, while silver nanoparticles and nitric oxide donors disrupt biofilms and clear pathogens. These systems promote immune responses crucial for tissue repair, such as M2 macrophage polarization. Innovative methods like 3D bioprinting and self-healing materials expand clinical applications, highlighting hydrogels' potential in medical applications, particularly in wound dressings and infection control.