Causal Effects of Glutamine and Lipid-Related Metabolites on Alopecia Areata: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

    December 2025 in “ Medicine ”
    Xiao-Shuang Yang, Ru Dai, Yu-Jie Miao … Zhong-Fa Lv
    Studysummary This study suggests potential causal links between blood levels of glutamine, citric acid, glucose, various lipids, and lipoproteins with alopecia areata, finding glutamine may have a protective effect and noting no evidence of reverse causality. Further research is needed to validate these associations.
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    Research cited in this study 11

    1. Evaluating the Causal Relationship Between Human Blood Metabolites and Susceptibility to Alopecia Areata Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology · 2025
    2. Alopecia Areata Is Associated With An Increased Risk For Prediabetes And Obesity: A Nationwide Case-Control Study Journal of Personalized Medicine · 2025
    3. Serum Lipids May Causally Affect the Occurrence of Alopecia Areata: A Mendelian Randomization Study Skin Research and Technology · 2024
    4. Possible Role of Beta-Hydroxybutyrate in Inducing Inflammation in Alopecia Areata Experimental Dermatology · 2024
    5. Disrupted Citric Acid Metabolism Inhibits Hair Growth Journal of dermatology · 2022
    6. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Inhibits Skin Renewal Through Inhibiting WNT-Dependent Lgr5+ Hair Follicle Stem Cell Activation in C57BL/6 Mice Journal of diabetes research · 2022
    7. Lifestyle Factors Involved in the Pathogenesis of Alopecia Areata International journal of molecular sciences · 2022
    8. Alopecia Areata: An Update on Etiopathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology · 2021
    9. Glutamine Metabolism Controls Stem Cell Fate Reversibility and Long-Term Maintenance in the Hair Follicle Cell Metabolism · 2020
    10. Cholesterol Homeostasis: Links to Hair Follicle Biology and Hair Disorders Experimental Dermatology · 2019
    11. Metabolism of Freshly Isolated Human Hair Follicles Capable of Hair Elongation: A Glutaminolytic, Aerobic Glycolytic Tissue Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 1993