Ginseng Extracts, GS-KG9 and GS-E3D, Prevent Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption and Inhibit Apoptotic Cell Death of Hippocampal Neurons in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

The study investigated the effects of ginseng extracts GS-KG9 and GS-E3D on blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and neuronal apoptosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Administered at doses of 50, 150, or 300 mg/kg twice daily for 4 weeks, these extracts demonstrated antihyperglycemic activity, reduced BBB permeability, and inhibited neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus. The extracts also reduced inflammation and oxidative stress, suggesting a protective role against diabetes-induced neural damage. The study involved groups of 10 rats each and indicated potential therapeutic applications of ginseng extracts for neuroprotection in diabetic conditions.