Genetic Prediction of Eye, Hair, and Skin Color: Forensic Applications and Challenges in Latin American Populations

The document reviews the application and challenges of forensic DNA phenotyping (FDP) for predicting eye, hair, and skin color in Latin American populations, where genetic diversity from Indigenous, European, and African ancestries complicates accurate predictions. It stresses the need for region-specific predictive models and highlights ongoing research in countries like Mexico and Brazil. Ethical concerns, such as racial profiling and misuse of data, are addressed, emphasizing the importance of legal frameworks and ethical guidelines. The review calls for large-scale multiethnic studies and tailored predictive panels to improve accuracy and aid forensic investigations in the region.