Extracellular Vesicles as Human Therapeutics: A Scoping Review of the Literature

This scoping review examines the therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs) across 40 studies, highlighting their diverse applications in conditions such as cancer, COVID-19, and aesthetic medicine, including hair regrowth. The studies, involving 605 EV-treated and 133 control subjects, show promise but are limited by small sample sizes, lack of placebo controls, and inconsistent dosing metrics. Despite these limitations, EVs, particularly those derived from mesenchymal stem cells, demonstrate potential benefits in improving progression-free survival and treating various conditions. The review underscores the need for larger, well-designed studies to confirm the efficacy and safety of EV-based therapies.