Exploring the Complexities of Atopic Dermatitis: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin condition affecting 15-30% of the global population, characterized by symptoms such as skin irritation and dryness, and often coexists with other atopic conditions. Its pathophysiology involves genetic, immunological, and environmental factors. AD shares correlations with alopecia areata, including similar intracellular mechanisms and potential treatment overlaps. Treatment requires a personalized approach, integrating nonpharmacological methods and topical or systemic therapies, with topical corticosteroids as the first line for flares. Future treatments may focus on the microbiome and biomarkers for personalized strategies, highlighting the need for individualized management.