Exosome-Based Cell Therapy for Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Present and Prospect

Exosome-based cell therapy shows promise for treating diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) by enhancing wound healing through mechanisms like angiogenesis, inflammation reduction, and tissue regeneration. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells, such as adipose-derived and umbilical cord cells, offer advantages over traditional therapies due to their stability, biocompatibility, and reduced immunogenicity. They can modulate signaling pathways and be combined with materials like hydrogels to enhance therapeutic effects. Despite challenges in large-scale production and clinical application, exosome-based therapies represent a promising avenue for DFU management, with various studies demonstrating efficacy in animal models. Further research and clinical trials are needed to confirm their safety and optimize their use in human models.