TLDR Applying estradiol to skin causes local changes but not cancer.
The study investigates the effects of natural and artificial folliculoids, such as estradiol, on the skin. It is established that these compounds are effectively absorbed through the skin and can induce estrous-like changes in internal sex organs in mice. While there are claims that folliculoids might act as carcinogens, no evidence of cancerous changes in the skin was found from their local application. However, some local effects were observed, such as cutaneous hyperemia in rats and a reduction in hair follicles along with hyperplasia of the cornified layer.
71 citations
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October 2008 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” HFMs can help study hair growth and test potential hair growth drugs.
32 citations
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July 2012 in “Stem Cells Translational Medicine” Vitamin D3 can help improve hair growth by enhancing the function of specific skin cells and could be useful in hair regeneration treatments.
37 citations
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May 2018 in “Transgender health” Oral estradiol works for many transgender women but needs personalized dosing and monitoring.
4 citations
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December 1994 in “PubMed” Cyproterone acetate with estradiol improved women's self-confidence and emotional well-being without a difference between oral or transdermal methods, but younger women preferred the oral method.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A 14-year-old girl with no menstrual period was diagnosed with Swyer Syndrome and treated for a related cancer risk.
