TLDR PCOS is caused by both genetics and environmental factors like diet and obesity.
The 2006 document examines the origins and development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), suggesting that both genetic predisposition and environmental factors, such as nutrition and obesity, contribute to its onset. It indicates that exposure to excess androgen from fetal development to puberty can lead to PCOS characteristics, including insulin resistance and luteinizing hormone abnormalities. The document reports on a study involving ovarian biopsies from 56 women, which found abnormalities in folliculogenesis in those with PCOS, potentially originating in fetal life. It also discusses the role of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia in the development of PCOS, particularly during puberty, and the heritability of hyperandrogenaemia and hyperinsulinaemia. Despite evidence of a genetic component, the specific mode of inheritance remains unclear. The document notes the high prevalence of PCOS in women of reproductive age, its presentation during adolescence, and the potential for origins in childhood or fetal development. It also mentions that anti-müllerian hormone levels could serve as a marker for therapy response in PCOS, although the relationship with pre-antral follicles is not fully understood.
4025 citations,
December 2003 in “Human Reproduction” The 2003 consensus updated PCOS diagnosis criteria and linked PCOS to higher risks of diabetes and heart problems, recommending lifestyle changes to lower these risks.
84 citations,
November 2003 in “European journal of endocrinology” Women with androgenic alopecia are more likely to have polycystic ovaries and higher androgen levels, which may indicate PCOS.
430 citations,
July 2002 in “Journal of Endocrinology” The hypothesis suggests that PCOS may start early in life due to genetic and environmental factors, influencing future reproductive and metabolic problems.
1947 citations,
September 1995 in “New England journal of medicine/The New England journal of medicine” PCOS is a common hormonal disorder causing irregular periods and increased hair growth, linked to insulin resistance and long-term health issues.
9 citations,
July 2009 in “Journal Of Endocrinology, Metabolism And Diabetes Of South Africa” The document concludes that managing PCOS involves treating symptoms and reducing long-term metabolic risks, with lifestyle changes being important.
1 citations,
May 2009 in “Wiley-Blackwell eBooks” Early treatment of PCOS in teens is crucial to prevent long-term health issues like diabetes and heart disease.
16 citations,
April 2007 in “Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research” Prostate-specific antigen may be a new marker for excess male hormones in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
3 citations,
October 2010 in “Journal of Experimental & Clinical Medicine” Obesity is a major risk factor for insulin resistance in Taiwanese women with PCOS, which is also an independent risk factor for metabolic syndrome.
58 citations,
November 2020 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” SHBG may be a useful early indicator and treatment target for PCOS.
14 citations,
September 2015 in “Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets” The conclusion is that while oral contraceptive pills are effective for PCOS-related high androgen levels, new treatments with fewer side effects are needed.
