Development of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Involvement of Genetic and Environmental Factors

The 2006 document examines the origins and development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), suggesting that both genetic predisposition and environmental factors, such as nutrition and obesity, contribute to its onset. It indicates that exposure to excess androgen from fetal development to puberty can lead to PCOS characteristics, including insulin resistance and luteinizing hormone abnormalities. The document reports on a study involving ovarian biopsies from 56 women, which found abnormalities in folliculogenesis in those with PCOS, potentially originating in fetal life. It also discusses the role of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia in the development of PCOS, particularly during puberty, and the heritability of hyperandrogenaemia and hyperinsulinaemia. Despite evidence of a genetic component, the specific mode of inheritance remains unclear. The document notes the high prevalence of PCOS in women of reproductive age, its presentation during adolescence, and the potential for origins in childhood or fetal development. It also mentions that anti-müllerian hormone levels could serve as a marker for therapy response in PCOS, although the relationship with pre-antral follicles is not fully understood.