Anti-Invasive Effects of Minoxidil on Human Breast Cancer Cells: Combination with Ranolazine

The study investigated the anti-invasive effects of minoxidil (MIN) and ranolazine (RAN) on triple-negative human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468. Both drugs significantly reduced cell invasion in a dose-dependent manner without affecting cell viability or proliferation. Combining MIN and RAN produced additive anti-invasive effects, particularly under hypoxic conditions, and was effective at lower concentrations, reducing potential adverse effects. Electrophysiological analysis showed that MIN inhibited VGSC activation. The findings suggest that MIN and RAN, alone or in combination, could be repurposed as anti-metastatic agents for managing TNBC invasiveness.