Androgenetic Alopecia: A Comprehensive Review of Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common form of male pattern baldness with significant emotional and social impacts. It results from a complex interaction between genetic factors and androgenic stimuli, leading to the miniaturization of hair follicles. The review highlights that AGA has multiple causes and progresses over time, with diagnosis supported by various tests. Treatment options include surgical interventions, oral and topical therapies, and combination therapies, which have shown promising results. Early intervention and continuous treatment are crucial for optimal outcomes. Emerging therapies, such as cell-based treatments and low-level laser therapy, offer new management possibilities, though further research is needed to assess their long-term efficacy and safety.