Allogeneic Hair Transplantation with Enhanced Survival by Anti-ICAM-1 Antibody with Short-Term Rapamycin Treatment in Nonhuman Primates

The study investigated the MD-3 antibody's ability to enhance hair follicle allograft survival in 16 cynomolgus monkeys, divided into three groups. The MD-3 antibody combined with short-term low-dose rapamycin significantly improved the survival of hair follicle allografts (P < 0.0001) and preserved the outer root sheath while reducing CD3+ T-cell infiltration (P < 0.0001). Despite these benefits, MD-3 pretreatment did not achieve long-term graft survival, indicating its effectiveness in suppressing T-cell immunity but insufficiency for long-term acceptance. The study concluded that MD-3 could be a potent tool for preventing allograft rejection by inducing antigen-specific T-cell tolerance.