4-Hydroxynonenal, a Lipid Peroxidation Product, Inhibits Glutathione Peroxidase: Protective Effect of Glutathione

The document discussed the role of selenium, a nonmetallic element, as a cofactor for enzymes and proteins crucial for antioxidant defense, thyroid hormone and insulin function, cell growth regulation, and fertility maintenance. It highlighted that selenium deficiency increased the risk of several health issues, including cardiac failure, liver disease, cancer, atherosclerosis, cardiomyopathy, hair loss, skin changes, and infertility. The absorption of selenium from the intestinal lumen varied significantly, and its mechanism was not well understood. Selenium was primarily found in seafood and liver, with lesser amounts in meat and grains, and minimal in fruits and vegetables. Excessive selenium intake could lead to exhalation of dimethylselenide, which has a garlic odor, and significant amounts were excreted in urine and feces.