Body Composition and Physical Fitness in Transgender Versus Cisgender Individuals: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

    February 2026 in “ British Journal of Sports Medicine ”
    Sofia Mendes Sieczkowska, Bruna Caruso Mazzolani, Danilo Reis Coimbra … Bruno Gualano
    Studysummary Transgender women have similar fitness to cisgender women, while transgender men have higher fat and lower strength than cisgender men; hormone therapy affects body composition and strength.
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    Research cited in this study 4

    1. The Impact of Gender Affirming Hormone Therapy on Physical Performance The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism · 2023
    2. A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Pilot Trial on the Effects of Testosterone Undecanoate Plus Dutasteride or Placebo on Muscle Strength, Body Composition, and Metabolic Profile in Transmen The Journal of Sexual Medicine · 2021
    3. Cross-Sex Hormone Therapy in Trans Persons Is Safe and Effective at Short-Term Follow-Up: Results from the European Network for the Investigation of Gender Incongruence The Journal of Sexual Medicine · 2014
    4. Effects of Intramuscular Testosterone Undecanoate on Body Composition and Bone Mineral Density in Female-to-Male Transsexuals ˜The œjournal of sexual medicine · 2010