February 2026 in “British Journal of Sports Medicine” Transgender women have similar fitness to cisgender women, while transgender men have higher fat and lower strength than cisgender men; hormone therapy affects body composition and strength.
10 citations
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January 2019 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” This study found that transgender men using testosterone therapy had higher rates of acne and increased body hair growth, resembling male patterns more closely than those not on testosterone.
July 2023 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” This narrative review suggests that, after at least two years of gender-affirming hormone therapy, nonathletic transgender individuals tend to have physical performance levels similar to cisgender individuals, though more controlled research is necessary, particularly among trans athletes.
11 citations
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May 2022 in “World Journal of Biological Chemistry” This review discusses potential benefits of adding bioidentical progesterone to gender-affirming treatment for trans women and reports no new clinical results; it calls for further research to confirm efficacy and safety.
1 citations
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October 2023 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” In this study, researchers found that transgender men exhibited impaired autonomic modulation during sympathetic stimulation compared to cisgender women, potentially due to testosterone treatment affecting cardiac autonomic modulation.