14 citations
,
March 2019 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” This study observed that proretinal nanoparticles delivered significantly higher concentrations of retinal to the stratum corneum and hair follicles compared to non-particulate forms, potentially improving topical retinoid therapy.
January 2023 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” This study found that the synthetic retinoid EC23 effectively induces keratinocyte hyperproliferation and enhances hair growth in mice, showing more potency than all-trans retinoic acid.
84 citations
,
September 2008 in “Developmental biology” This study found that cellular retinoic acid-binding proteins and fatty acid-binding proteins are dynamically expressed in skin development and respond differently to retinoic acid, β-catenin, and Notch signaling.
59 citations
,
January 2015 in “Nanoscale” In this study, polymeric micelles containing retinoic acid were found to improve targeted delivery to hair follicle structures in human skin more efficiently than a marketed retinoic acid gel, suggesting potentially safer and more effective acne treatment.
April 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that retinoic acid and a retinol complex formulation showed different permeation and compound localization in a skin equivalent model, with unique lipid changes observed with only the retinol formulation.