August 2014 in “DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)” This study reported that administering a supraphysiological dose of testosterone for one year resulted in minor cognitive benefits and decreased depressive symptoms in older hypogonadal men, but major cognitive improvements were not observed.
26 citations
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August 2014 in “PubMed” This study found that testosterone treatment in older hypogonadal men caused minor improvements in depressive symptoms and visuospatial memory, but overall, major cognitive benefits were not observed.
1 citations
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January 2019 In this study, females with PCOS experienced greater depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment linked to high testosterone levels, but anti-androgen treatment significantly improved mood and cognitive function.
182 citations
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June 2002 in “Journal of Neuroscience” This study suggests that apoE4 may contribute to cognitive decline by reducing androgen receptor levels in the brain, but androgen treatment improved memory deficits in female mice expressing human apoE4.
81 citations
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July 2012 in “Translational Psychiatry” In this pilot study, no significant differences were observed between memantine and placebo groups in young adults with Down syndrome on the primary memory outcomes, but some improvement was noted in a secondary measure.