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The conclusion is that accurately identifying the cause of high androgen levels in women with PCOS is crucial and requires specific tests.

In Japan, sex reassignment surgery for gender identity disorder faces challenges and needs better medical support and education.

The conclusion is that a thorough approach is needed to diagnose and manage hyperandrogenism in teenage girls, recognizing its major psychological and health effects.

Insulin resistance may contribute to various skin diseases and treating it could improve skin health and prevent more serious conditions.

Makeover TV shows promote unrealistic beauty standards and pressure women to conform to societal ideals.

Drug advertising has greatly increased, changing consumer behavior and raising concerns about its influence on healthcare and patient protection.

The L457(3.43)R mutation in the human lutropin receptor causes increased activity and hormone insensitivity, leading to precocious puberty.

The conclusion suggests that PCOS may persist due to genetic traits that, while harmful for female fertility, could have provided survival and reproductive benefits to males.

Higher levels of the protein Pannexin-1 may play a role in hair loss in women with PCOS.

The document concludes that cosmetic surgery is still mainly a practice for women and the gender gap in this field is expected to continue.

Ultrasound measurement of the ovarian stroma to total area ratio is not a reliable single predictor of high male hormone levels in Thai women with PCOS, but works better when combined with clinical signs.

The document covers all aspects of plastic and reconstructive surgery, from basic techniques to specific procedures for various body parts.

Testosterone therapy can improve sexual desire and function in postmenopausal women but should be used cautiously and not based solely on testosterone levels.

Hormonal treatments can help with acne but are not the first choice due to side effects and the need for careful patient selection.

DHEA did not improve sexual function, well-being, or menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women with low libido but caused side effects like acne and increased facial hair.

Male pattern baldness is an unintended side effect of the body's use of androgens for muscle growth, especially in those genetically prone to it.

The document concludes that managing PCOS involves treating symptoms, regulating periods, and reducing health risks, with specific medications for fertility and metabolic issues.

Researchers created a new tool to measure the effects of alopecia areata from the patient's view, focusing on hair loss, daily life, and emotional health.

Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.

Several doctors received research grants, new workshops and conferences were announced, and new officers were elected.

Testosterone therapy can improve sexual satisfaction and mood in surgically menopausal women when used with estrogen, but its long-term safety and effects on naturally menopausal and premenopausal women are unclear.

Hair restoration techniques have improved but still rely on limited donor hair, with new methods like cloning and gene therapy being explored.

Acne in children varies by age and severity, requires a pediatric treatment approach, and may need diagnostic evaluation for underlying conditions.

Non-hormonal treatments should be used first for sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal breast cancer patients on aromatase inhibitors, with hormones as a second option.

Swimming in Lake Malawi can lead to schistosomiasis, hepatitis B vaccine might cause temporary hair loss, and certain drinks affect kidney stone risk.

Testosterone therapy seems safe for postmenopausal women for a few years, but more research is needed for long-term effects.

Testosterone replacement can help women with low libido and mood, but they need to have enough estrogen first to avoid side effects.

The document concludes that accurate diagnosis of male and female gonadal disorders is crucial for effective treatment and better patient outcomes.

The Endocrine Society advised against routine testosterone therapy for women, citing a need for more research on long-term safety and a clear definition of androgen deficiency.

Testosterone therapy can help improve sexual function, mood, and bone density in women with low androgen levels, but more research is needed on long-term safety.