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Opioid painkillers can cause many side effects, including breathing problems and addiction, but are generally considered safe when used properly.

Erectile dysfunction is increasingly common in men under 40, with many physical and psychological causes, and various treatment options available.

Vitamin D is important for skin health and may affect conditions like psoriasis and hair loss, but more research is needed to understand its role fully.

Protoporphyrin IX is useful in cancer treatment but can cause health problems if not properly regulated.

Exosomes could potentially enhance tissue repair and regeneration with lower rejection risk and easier production than live cell therapies.

Low doses of some substances can be beneficial, while high doses can be harmful or toxic.

Fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling controls cell development and repair, and its malfunction can cause disorders and cancer, but it also offers potential for targeted therapies.

PCOS is a common hormonal disorder in women, marked by symptoms like hair growth and menstrual issues, and requires personalized treatment.

Wnt signaling is crucial for skin and hair development and its disruption can cause skin tumors.

Men taking 5α-reductase inhibitors for enlarged prostate have a higher chance of experiencing reduced sexual desire and erectile dysfunction.

Male pattern hair loss caused by follicular miniaturization; early diagnosis and treatment can reduce psychological burden.

The document suggests that targeting the hormone DHT could be a more effective treatment for prostate cancer than targeting testosterone.

Menopause and aging can affect women's quality of life and sexuality, but hormone therapies may help alleviate these issues.

Stem cells help repair tissue mainly by releasing beneficial substances, not by replacing damaged cells.

Edible seeds from the Cucurbitaceae family like pumpkin and watermelon seeds are nutritious and may have health benefits, but eating too much can cause side effects.

HIV can cause unusual and severe skin problems that are hard to treat.

Zinc supplements can resolve skin issues caused by zinc deficiency.

Eclipta alba has many health benefits and contains compounds with potential for drug development.

Eclipta prostrata has many traditional uses and health benefits, but more research is needed to understand how it works and ensure it's safe.

Natural 5α-reduced glucocorticoids might be anti-inflammatory with fewer side effects than current options.

Dutasteride effectively treats enlarged prostate, reduces prostate cancer risk, and promotes hair regrowth with few side effects.

The document concludes that correct diagnosis and management of PCOS are important, and more research is needed on its risks and treatments.

Systemic glucocorticosteroids are a primary treatment for various skin conditions but require careful management due to potential side effects and relapses.

Drug repurposing is a cost-effective way to find new uses for existing drugs, speeding up treatment development.

Herbs can potentially treat hair loss by inhibiting a key enzyme and promoting hair growth, and deficiencies in zinc, biotin, and iron are linked to hair loss.

5-alpha reductase deficiency leads to male sexual development issues and treatments like finasteride help with prostate enlargement and hair loss.

Topical finasteride and flutamide reduce gland size and enzyme activity, with flutamide being more potent, potentially treating acne, seborrhea, hirsutism, and androgenic alopecia.

Nanomaterials in biomedicine can improve treatments but may have risks like toxicity, needing more safety research.

Safflower has been used in traditional medicine for centuries and shows promise in treating heart, brain, and inflammatory conditions, but more research is needed to ensure its safety.

Dermatologists should screen for and manage psychological issues in patients with skin conditions to improve their quality of life.