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    Glossary Tumor Necrosis Factor

    protein involved in inflammation and immune system regulation

    Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), also known as TNF-alpha, is a protein produced by the immune system that plays a crucial role in inflammation and the body's response to infection. It helps regulate immune cells, but excessive TNF can lead to chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis.

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    1. Protein kinase Cepsilon is linked to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha ectodomain shedding and the development of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma in protein kinase Cepsilon transgenic mice. PubMed · 2003 · 79 citations
    2. Alopecia areata as another immune‐mediated disease developed in patients treated with tumour necrosis factor‐α blocker agents Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · 2010 · 61 citations
    3. Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Interleukin-1 Antagonists Alleviate Inflammatory Skin Changes Associated with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Antibody Therapy in Mice Cancer Research · 2009 · 53 citations
    4. Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Clinical, Biochemical, and Molecular Genetic Study Genetic Testing and Molecular Biomarkers · 2014 · 26 citations
    5. Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha, Interferon Gamma and Substance P Are Novel Modulators of Extrapituitary Prolactin Expression in Human Skin PLOS ONE · 2013 · 24 citations
    6. Tumor Necrosis Factor in Sepsis JAMA · 1990 · 13 citations
    7. The Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Level in Platelet-Rich Plasma Might Be Associated with Treatment Outcome in Patients with Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome or Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 2023 · 8 citations
    8. Tumor necrosis factor-induced alopecia: alternative pathology and therapy Dermatology Online Journal · 2017 · 7 citations
    9. Interleukin-15 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Iraqi Patients with Alopecia Areata Dermatology Research and Practice · 2023 · 6 citations
    10. Alteration of serum and tissue tumor necrosis factor alpha levels: A possible mechanism of action of oral pulse steroids in the treatment of alopecia areata Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology · 2018 · 5 citations
    11. Tumor necrosis factor α inhibitor-induced alopecia in pediatric patients: a cohort of 20 patients and review of the literature Archives of Dermatological Research · 2025 · 3 citations
    12. Scarring Alopecia in Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Antagonists-Induced Scalp Psoriasis Journal of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis · 2023 · 2 citations
    13. Perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors and baricitinib: A case report and literature review Frontiers in medicine · 2023 · 2 citations
    14. Oral contraceptive pill (OCP) treatment alters the gene expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women compared to drug-naive PCOS women BMC women's health · 2023 · 2 citations
    15. Hair Loss Induced by Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Inhibitors Journal of clinical and investigative dermatology · 2014 · 2 citations
    16. P07 Pityriasis amiantacea: a unique presentation of psoriasis associated with tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitor therapy Rheumatology advances in practice · 2023 · 1 citations
    17. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor associated psoriasiform alopecia (drug-induced psoriasiform alopecia) Informa Healthcare eBooks · 2012 · 1 citations
    18. Intralesional methotrexate in patchy alopecia areata: trichoscopic evaluation and effect on lesional tumour necrosis factor alpha Journal of the Egyptian Womenʼs Dermatologic Society · 2026
    19. Detection of Serum Levels of Interleukins-17, 21, 6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Patients with Patchy Alopecia Areata and Their Association with Disease Severity Diseases · 2025
    20. Estimation of Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and Tumor Necrosis Factor–Alpha (TNF-α) Levels Women Diagnosed with Polycystic Syndrome DS Reviews of Research in Life Sciences · 2025
    21. A systematic review of tumor necrosis factor-α blockers, anti-interleukins, and small molecule inhibitors for dissecting cellulitis of the scalp treatment Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases · 2025
    22. Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors and janus kinase inhibitors in the treatment of cicatricial alopecia: A systematic review PloS one · 2024
    23. Data from Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Interleukin-1 Antagonists Alleviate Inflammatory Skin Changes Associated with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Antibody Therapy in Mice 2023
    24. Data from Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Interleukin-1 Antagonists Alleviate Inflammatory Skin Changes Associated with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Antibody Therapy in Mice 2023
    25. Microinjury-Induced Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Surge Stimulates Hair Regeneration in Mice Skin Pharmacology and Physiology · 2023
    26. Supplementary material for: Microinjury-Induced Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Surge Stimulates Hair Regeneration in Mice Figshare · 2023
    27. Psoriatic Alopecia in a Patient With Crohn Disease: An Uncommon Manifestation of Tumor Necrosis Factor α Inhibitors Cutis · 2021
    28. - Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor associated psoriasiform alopecia (drug-induced psoriasiform alopecia) CRC Press eBooks · 2012
    29. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor associated psoriasiform alopecia (drug-induced psoriasiform alopecia) Informa Healthcare eBooks · 2012
    30. Expression of transforming growth factor-β_1 and tumor necrosis factor-α in mice with radiationinduced pulmonary injury 2010