79 citations
,
October 2003 in “PubMed” In this study, PKCepsilon transgenic mice showed increased TNFalpha shedding during skin tumor promotion, which may contribute to the development of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma.
61 citations
,
June 2010 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” This study highlights cases of alopecia areata that developed during anti-TNF-α therapy, suggesting a potential link or increased frequency, particularly among individuals with a personal or family history of autoimmune diseases.
53 citations
,
July 2009 in “Cancer Research” In this mouse study, the researchers found that the monoclonal antibody ME1 causes hair follicle inflammation by up-regulating TNFα, which can be reduced by TNFα and interleukin-1 inhibitors.
26 citations
,
August 2014 in “Genetic Testing and Molecular Biomarkers” This study suggests that the TNF-α system may contribute to hyperandrogenism, obesity, and insulin resistance in polycystic ovarian syndrome, independent of the C850T polymorphism.
26 citations
,
March 2014 in “Rheumatology” This study confirms an association between TNF-α antagonist exposure and alopecia, indicating a class effect among the medications examined.
24 citations
,
April 2013 in “PLOS ONE” This study identifies substance P, TNFα, and IFNγ as novel regulators of prolactin and its receptor expression in human skin, suggesting intracutaneous prolactin is not controlled by dopamine.
8 citations
,
December 2023 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” In this study, successful treatment outcomes with platelet-rich plasma injections in patients with IC/BPS and rUTI were associated with specific cytokine concentrations, particularly lower TNF-α levels.
6 citations
,
May 2023 in “Dermatology Research and Practice” This study observed that patients with alopecia areata had significantly higher serum levels of IL-15 and TNF-α compared to controls, with TNF-α levels particularly elevated in individuals with alopecia totalis, though these biomarkers were not influenced by disease duration or activity.
5 citations
,
October 2018 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This study found that oral pulse steroids significantly reduced serum and tissue levels of TNF-α in patients with alopecia areata, correlating with clinical improvement.
3 citations
,
June 2025 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” In a retrospective study, TNFα inhibitor-induced alopecia was observed in pediatric patients, primarily adolescents with inflammatory bowel diseases, with hair regrowth occurring in those who discontinued the therapy; this suggests that stopping these medications can improve drug-induced alopecia in children.
2 citations
,
April 2023 in “Journal of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis” This study found that TNFα inhibitors can induce psoriatic alopecia, highlighting that early diagnosis and discontinuation of the drugs in some cases may prevent irreversible scalp damage.
2 citations
,
March 2023 in “Frontiers in medicine” This case report presents the first successful treatment of perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens using a regimen of adalimumab and baricitinib, resulting in almost complete healing after nine months.
2 citations
,
February 2023 in “BMC women's health” In this study, oral contraceptive use in women with PCOS increased the expression of certain inflammatory gene markers, which were positively associated with metabolic abnormalities.
2 citations
,
January 2014 in “Journal of clinical and investigative dermatology” This article reviews TNF-α inhibitor-induced alopecia, identifying various types of hair loss such as severe alopecia areata and scarring alopecia, and calls for more controlled studies to better understand this adverse effect.
1 citations
,
September 2023 in “Rheumatology advances in practice” This case report describes a 42-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis who developed extensive impetiginized pityriasis amiantacea potentially linked to her anti-TNF-α therapy with golimumab. Discontinuing the drug and other treatments led to significant clinical improvement within a month.
1 citations
,
April 2012 in “Informa Healthcare eBooks” Some medications for inflammation can cause a condition with scalp rashes and hair loss, often linked to Crohn's disease, and may require treatment changes to prevent permanent hair loss.
May 2026 in “Journal of the Egyptian Womenʼs Dermatologic Society” In this prospective study, 15 patients with patchy alopecia areata treated with intralesional methotrexate every two weeks showed a significant improvement in hair regrowth and reduction in lesion severity, with changes linked to decreased tissue levels of TNF-α.
September 2025 in “Diseases” This study found that patients with patchy alopecia areata had significantly higher serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, IL-17A, and IL-21 compared to healthy controls, with these levels correlating positively with disease severity, age, and disease duration.
August 2025 in “DS Reviews of Research in Life Sciences” In this study, women with polycystic ovary syndrome showed significantly higher levels of DHEA, IL-6, and TNF-α compared to healthy controls, indicating a possible link between these biomarkers and PCOS.
May 2025 in “Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases” This review suggests that immunomodulators, including TNF-α blockers and IL inhibitors, may improve symptoms of moderate-to-severe dissecting cellulitis of the scalp, but their effects on hair regrowth and scarring remain unclear.
February 2024 in “PloS one” This review concluded that oral tofacitinib and adalimumab are promising treatments for cicatricial alopecia, showing effectiveness in improving signs and symptoms but requiring regular monitoring for adverse effects. The authors emphasize the need for further extensive studies to solidify these findings.
This study reports the case of a 12-year-old girl who developed psoriatic alopecia after increasing her dose of the TNF-α inhibitor adalimumab for Crohn's disease, emphasizing psoriatic alopecia as a phenomenon associated with these medications.
This study found that neutrophil-rich hair follicle inflammation caused by a monoclonal antibody targeting murine EGFR in mice involved TNFα and interleukin-1, suggesting these cytokines play a role in EGFR antibody-induced rashes in cancer patients.
This study in mice found that a monoclonal antibody targeting EGFR resulted in skin inflammation mediated by TNFα, suggesting potential pathways for addressing EGFR antibody-induced skin rash in cancer patients.
May 2012 in “CRC Press eBooks” Some patients on anti-TNF drugs experience a type of hair loss called TAIAPA.
April 2012 in “Informa Healthcare eBooks” Some drugs for inflammation may cause psoriasis-like hair loss.
7 citations
,
January 2017 in “Dermatology Online Journal” In this case report, the researchers described two women with Crohn disease who developed alopecia related to TNF inhibitor therapy, noting various histopathological features of drug-induced alopecia and treating it effectively with different therapeutic approaches.
72 citations
,
February 2011 in “The American Journal of Dermatopathology” This study found that anti-TNF therapy-induced alopecia exhibits distinct clinical and histopathological features and can mimic psoriatic alopecia and alopecia areata, with some patients improving with topical treatment.
42 citations
,
March 2015 in “Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia” This study reports two cases of alopecia associated with anti-TNF therapy, highlighting a new entity combining features of alopecia areata and psoriatic alopecia.
1 citations
,
August 2025 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology” This case series highlights that anti-TNF agents, though beneficial for autoimmune conditions, can cause a rare adverse reaction of psoriasiform alopecia areata, stressing the importance of specific histopathological features for accurate diagnosis and better management to avoid unnecessary drug discontinuation.