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This study found that topically applied melatonin exerts significant anti-aging effects on human scalp skin ex vivo, including increased SIRT1 expression and reduced mTORC1 pathway activity.

This study found that topically applied nano-Zinc oxide accumulated in hair follicles and induced apoptosis in hair follicle stem cells, indicating a potential risk to skin homeostasis.

This study found that topical application of nano-Zinc oxide in newborn mice led to the accumulation of nanoparticles within hair follicles, inducing apoptosis of hair follicle stem cells and potentially disrupting skin homeostasis.

This study found that the topically applied non-steroidal antiandrogen RU 58841 may reduce androgen-dependent skin conditions in a hamster model with minimal systemic effects.

This study found that synthetic melanin particles applied topically in mouse injury models improved wound healing, showing potential as a therapy for accelerated healing, including in human skin explants.

More minoxidil applied topically leads to better hair growth in male pattern baldness.

Minoxidil solution applied twice daily improved hair growth in patients with Woolly Hair/Hypotrichosis due to LIPH gene issues, with mild side effects.

In this study, topically applied 2% minoxidil solution was found to be more effective than placebo for promoting hair regrowth in men with early male pattern baldness over 24 weeks.

This study found that topically applied liposomal spherical nucleic acids targeting the IL-17 receptor could effectively reduce psoriasis severity in preclinical models.

Diphenyl ethers can potentially reduce excess oil production when applied on the skin, helping treat conditions like acne.

Niosomal minoxidil, when applied topically, increases hair count more than conventional minoxidil solution.

This study found that 0.7% apple procyanidin oligomers applied externally for six months significantly increased hair growth in men with male pattern baldness compared to placebo, with no observed adverse effects.

This study found that testosterone applied to aging skin modestly reduced wrinkles and improved microscopic skin architecture, while ethinyl estradiol showed no effect and corticosteroids worsened skin aging changes.

In an open trial, 2.8% minoxidil solution applied topically stimulated new hair growth in 45% of male patients with male pattern alopecia, though patient self-assessments were more favorable than objective evaluations.

In this study, 1% minoxidil solution applied topically did not lead to significant hair growth in patients with alopecia areata after three months of treatment.

In this study, topical latanoprost acid applied daily for 6 months increased hair count and improved trichoscopic markers among women with hair loss, suggesting its potential for treating female androgenetic alopecia, particularly at a 0.05% concentration.

This study found that latanoprost and bimatoprost, when applied cutaneously to the eyelids, did not induce appreciable eyelash regrowth in patients with alopecia areata over 16 weeks.

In this study, topical tacrolimus 0.1% ointment applied to mice skin decreased Vegf and Igf-1 mRNA levels during late anagen but did not alter hair cycling or skin appearance compared to untreated skin.

This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of Bio-Pulsed avian mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles when applied topically, finding significant improvements in hair growth, skin rejuvenation, and regenerative microRNA presence among 60 human participants without adverse events.

In this study, 2% minoxidil applied topically did not alter scalp sebum levels, despite promoting hair growth in some participants.

In this case report, a 23-year-old man with alopecia universalis applied topical cyclosporine for several months, resulting in noticeable hair regrowth.

In this pilot study, participants with lymphocytic primary cicatricial alopecia who applied 6% topical gabapentin solution twice daily for 12 weeks experienced significant symptom reduction, though there was no noticeable change in nerve fibre density or neuropeptide expression.

In this randomized controlled study, topical Flutamide 1% gel, applied twice daily for eight weeks, significantly reduced papules and pustules in patients with mild to moderate acne vulgaris compared to baseline.

This study found that a topical 5% phenytoin solution, applied twice daily for 16 weeks, significantly improved total hair count and hair density in men with androgenetic alopecia, with mild and transient side effects observed.

This study found that topical valproate has minimal potential to cause skin irritation, suggesting it can be applied safely to human skin.

In this study, a royal jelly formulation applied for 12 weeks led to significant improvements in hair elongation and gloss among individuals with self-perceived hair thinning, although changes in hair density were mild compared to placebo.

In this study, among 30 patients with androgenetic alopecia, topical Minoxidil was effective alone or in combination with either oral or microneedling-applied Dutasteride, with the microneedling approach offering promising results and fewer side effects compared to oral Dutasteride.

This study found that topical olive oil may protect mice skin from damage caused by electromagnetic radiation, particularly when applied before exposure, by mitigating oxidative, inflammatory, and heat shock stress factors.

This study found that proretinal nanoparticles, applied topically, are safe and effective for penetration into hair follicles, enhancing retinoid biological activity in the skin while reducing irritation compared to conventional retinal formulations.

This study found that combining topical capislow with laser hair removal significantly enhanced hair reduction compared to laser alone, although the beneficial effects lasted only while capislow was applied.