1 citations
,
June 2016 in “FEBS open bio” This study reports that topical fish oil treatment in GsdmA3 Dfl/+ mice increased cellular proliferation and macrophages but did not affect COX-2 expression related to psoriasis-like skin changes.
5 citations
,
July 2022 in “PubMed” This study identified the most common allergens in hair products linked to scalp allergic contact dermatitis, with hair dyes, shampoos, and conditioners primarily associated with the condition.
162 citations
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August 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This study introduces a novel non-invasive method called "differential stripping" to quantify the penetration of topically applied substances into hair follicles.
36 citations
,
June 1988 in “Australian Journal of Biological Sciences” This study found that twice-daily intradermal injections of mouse epidermal growth factor in Merino sheep resulted in dose-dependent changes in wool follicles and fibres, including induction of catagen and subsequent regeneration.
35 citations
,
January 2018 in “Skin pharmacology and physiology” This study found that nanoemulsion formulations with oleic acid or eucalyptol significantly enhanced the delivery and retention of caffeine through hair follicles and surrounding skin regions.
15 citations
,
February 2011 in “Experimental Dermatology” This study found that in a mouse model, betamethasone dipropionate reduced epidermal thickness while fish oil unexpectedly increased it, validating optical coherence tomography as an effective measurement tool.
August 2026 in “Clinical and Translational Science” This study evaluated two bimatoprost 1% formulations for androgenetic alopecia in men, finding both formulations achieved effective drug concentrations in the scalp with no significant differences between them, and were well tolerated over the 14-day application period.
January 2022 in “Wiadomości lekarskie (Warsaw Poland)” This study found that Methylsulfonylmethane significantly reduced hair loss and enhanced hair growth and follicle number in male mice, attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
11 citations
,
April 2011 in “Biomolecules & Therapeutics” This study found that finasteride-containing anionic liposomes enhanced skin retention and had moderate hair growth efficacy, suggesting potential for treating androgenetic alopecia with reduced systemic side effects.
39 citations
,
November 2016 in “Pharmaceutics” This study found that the contribution of the hair follicle pathway to skin permeation of chemicals can be predicted using lipophilicity, with hydrophilic chemicals showing greater permeation reduction from hair follicle plugging than lipophilic ones.
69 citations
,
December 2015 in “Journal of Controlled Release” This study found that nanocapsules formulated as a dispersion and applied with massage may enhance follicular uptake of clobetasol propionate while minimizing its skin penetration, offering a potential improvement over conventional treatments for scalp diseases.
11 citations
,
January 2011 in “Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology” This study found that inducing hair follicles into the anagen stage by plucking significantly enhances antibody responses in mice after topical DNA vaccine application, compared to retinoic acid or TPA treatments.
18 citations
,
October 2005 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” This study found that incorporating 0.5% TPGS into topical minoxidil solutions enhanced hair growth in mice, although increasing TPGS to 2% decreased effectiveness.
12 citations
,
March 2012 in “ATLA. Alternatives to laboratory animals” This study found that caffeine and flufenamic acid penetrated porcine skin more effectively through hair follicles, while the importance of the follicular pathway varied for other substances tested.
January 2005 in “Belarusian State Pedagogical University repository (Belarusian State Pedagogical University)” In this study, a 0.5% addition of TPGS to topical minoxidil solutions increased hair growth in mice, but higher concentrations reduced this benefit.
1 citations
,
January 2010 in “International journal of medicinal mushrooms” This study found that Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body powder improved cholesterol profiles and hair follicle health in rats exposed to a tumor-promoting agent, suggesting potential chemopreventive properties against skin abnormalities.
July 2000 in “Dermatologic Surgery” Many skin products get contaminated with bacteria, especially if they're in jars or previously opened.
211 citations
,
February 2009 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” This review summarizes recent advancements in follicular targeting for drug delivery via hair follicles and calls for pilot studies in humans to explore potential clinical applications.
149 citations
,
September 2017 in “Pharmaceutics” This review compares animal and human skin characteristics in in vitro permeation studies but reports no new results, highlighting variations and the need for better model correlations.
109 citations
,
November 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings” This article discusses the role of hair follicles in enhancing topical drug delivery and explores strategies for targeting these areas to improve treatment outcomes for skin diseases, but reports no new research results.
52 citations
,
February 1985 in “Archives of Dermatology” Minoxidil absorbs poorly through skin, with low risk of side effects at 1-2% concentration.
26 citations
,
December 2009 in “Laser Physics” This study observed that caffeine-containing shampoo can penetrate hair follicles to a depth of approximately 200 μm and remains detectable even after 24 hours, suggesting a potential long-term reservoir effect.
24 citations
,
February 2007 in “Laser Physics Letters” This study found that a caffeine-containing shampoo penetrated deeply into hair follicles in just two minutes and remained there for up to 48 hours, even after washing.
15 citations
,
October 2020 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” This study reported that combining microdialysis and selective follicular closure with varnish significantly reduces caffeine penetration through hair follicles in an ex vivo porcine ear skin model.
11 citations
,
July 2017 in “Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs” This review discusses current and emerging therapeutic strategies for androgenetic alopecia, noting limited evidence but suggesting areas such as prostaglandin analogs, PRP, and progenitor cell therapies as promising future directions.
5 citations
,
September 2012 in “Springer eBooks” Nanoparticles can be used to deliver drugs to hair follicles, potentially improving treatments for conditions like acne and alopecia, and could also be used for vaccine delivery and gene therapy.
This study found that while there are some ethnic differences in skin and hair follicle characteristics, these differences are unlikely to significantly affect the penetration of topical substances, suggesting other factors such as cultural habits may also play a role.
61 citations
,
April 2014 in “Radiation Research” This study observed that topically applied RTA 408 reduced the severity of radiation-induced dermatitis in mice, with the highest dose significantly reducing and alleviating skin damage and associated inflammation.
13 citations
,
November 2017 in “BMC Veterinary Research” This study suggests that topically applied fusidic acid may penetrate only the most superficial layers of canine skin but can reach sufficient concentrations to potentially treat infections caused by pathogenic staphylococci.
3 citations
,
July 1988 in “International Journal of Dermatology” This study observed that topically applied 2% minoxidil solution significantly increased hair counts in men with early male pattern alopecia over 24 weeks, with no serious safety concerns.