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    Glossary Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors

    medications applied to skin to reduce immune responses

    Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors (TCIs) are medications applied to the skin to reduce inflammation and immune responses. They work by blocking the activity of calcineurin, a protein that activates T-cells in the immune system, making them useful in treating conditions like eczema and vitiligo. Unlike corticosteroids, TCIs do not cause skin thinning, making them a safer long-term option for sensitive areas.

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      research Common Topical Medications

      October 2018 in “Springer eBooks”
      The document concludes that various topical medications are effective for skin conditions but often cause skin irritation as a side effect.

      research Pathophysiology of vitiligo

      72 citations , November 1997 in “Clinics in dermatology”
      This review discusses the potential autoimmune etiology of vitiligo and its association with other autoimmune diseases but provides no new research findings; the authors highlight various treatment options.

      research Frontal fibrosing alopecia treatment options

      20 citations , January 2016 in “Intractable & Rare Diseases Research”
      In this clinical experience, treating frontal fibrosing alopecia with oral finasteride, hydroxychloroquine, tacrolimus, and excimer laser was associated with optimal results in patients with active inflammation.

      research Innovative Therapeutics in Pediatric Dermatology

      8 citations , May 2010 in “Dermatologic clinics”
      This review highlights recent advances in pediatric dermatologic treatments, including the use of propranolol for infantile hemangiomas and etanercept for plaque psoriasis, but it reports no new clinical results.

      research Hair Transplantation for Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia: Part of the Solution?

      7 citations , September 2015 in “Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas”
      This article reviews the challenges of treating frontal fibrosing alopecia and the potential role of hair transplantation, noting the lack of effective medical treatments and uncertainty surrounding transplant outcomes.

      research Optimal Management of Plaque Psoriasis in Adolescents: Current Perspectives

      4 citations , November 2020 in “Psoriasis : Targets and Therapy”
      This review discusses the complexities of managing adolescent psoriasis amidst challenges like identity formation and parent-adolescent dynamics, and proposes updated management strategies for 21st-century adolescents, but reports no new clinical results.

      research Diagnosis and Management of Alopecia Areata: A Saudi Expert Consensus Statement (2023)

      August 2023 in “Dermatology and Therapy”
      This consensus statement from Saudi Arabia outlines evidence- and experience-based recommendations for diagnosing and managing alopecia areata, focusing on severity assessment, prognostic indicators, and therapeutic options, with special attention to pediatric patients and uncommon cases.

      research Hair Transplantation for Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia: Part of the Solution?

      December 2015 in “Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas”
      This review addresses the challenges in treating frontal fibrosing alopecia, highlighting the limited effectiveness of medical treatments and the demand for hair transplantation despite its risks, but it reports no new clinical results.

      research Treatment of Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia

      January 2023 in “Dermatologic Therapy”
      This review found that intralesional corticosteroid injections and 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors were reported as the most effective treatments for frontal fibrosing alopecia, with oral isotretinoin showing promise for facial papule improvement.

      research Alopecia areata in childhood

      March 2014 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”
      Alopecia areata is relatively common in children, has a variable course, and shows different responses to treatment; thyroid testing is recommended for those affected.

      research Linear lupus panniculitis of scalp: a case report from north-east India

      April 2021 in “International Journal of Research in Dermatology”
      This case report describes a 7-year-old child with linear lupus panniculitis of the scalp, treated successfully with a combination of hydroxychloroquine, topical and intralesional steroids, and a topical calcineurin inhibitor.

      research Beard Alopecia: An Updated and Comprehensive Review of Etiologies, Presentation and Treatment

      1 citations , July 2023 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine”
      This review provides a detailed overview of the causes, prevalence, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of beard alopecia, highlighting conditions such as alopecia areata, pseudofolliculitis barbae, and tinea barbae, and aims to serve as a resource for clinicians handling such cases.

      research The Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia Treatment Dilemma

      April 2024 in “Journal of clinical medicine”
      This review discusses various therapeutic options for frontal fibrosing alopecia and highlights the need for more research, as existing data are largely retrospective and lack precise treatment guidelines.

      research Netherton Syndrome

      November 2019 in “Harper's Textbook of Pediatric Dermatology”
      This article reviews Netherton syndrome, focusing on its genetic basis, clinical presentation, and treatment options, and reports no clinical results; the authors mention potential benefits of targeted therapies and gene therapy.

      research The Challenging Consultation: Management of Melanoma

      May 2019 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology”
      The conclusion is that managing hair loss conditions like FFA and melanoma requires individualized approaches, considering new findings and balancing treatment benefits with potential risks.

      research Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia: challenges and solutions

      37 citations , August 2016 in “Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology”
      This article discusses central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia, highlighting its prevalence, potential genetic factors, and management challenges, but reports no new clinical conclusions and calls for further research.

      research Frontal fibrosing alopecia: efficacy of treatment modalities

      14 citations , April 2019 in “International Journal of Women's Health”
      This review highlights current treatment options for frontal fibrosing alopecia, noting that 5-α-reductase inhibitors, intralesional steroids, and hydroxychloroquine have the highest evidence of effectiveness, while other therapies show variable results and need further research.

      research Frontal fibrosing alopecia: efficacy of treatment modalities

      4 citations , April 2019 in “DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)”
      This review highlights available treatments for frontal fibrosing alopecia, noting that 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, intralesional steroids, and hydroxychloroquine currently have the most evidence supporting their use, while other treatments show variable results and require further study.

      research Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia in Men: A Review of the Literature

      March 2025 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine”
      This review discusses the unique clinical features, challenges in diagnosis, and treatment protocols of frontal fibrosing alopecia in men, noting the overlap with other types of alopecia and the need for further studies.