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This article reviews the role of 5α-reductase in cutaneous hyperandrogenism and the potential of 5α-reductase inhibitors and antiandrogens in treating conditions like hirsutism and male-pattern baldness, reporting no clinical results.

This study found that white wax and its extract may promote hair growth in a mouse model of androgenetic alopecia by inhibiting 5α-reductase activity and increasing cell proliferation, with efficacy surpassing finasteride.

This study found that Ganoderma lucidum extracts reduced prostate enlargement and improved symptoms in testosterone-treated rats, suggesting potential benefits for managing benign prostatic hyperplasia.

This study found that abietic acid from pine resin more effectively inhibits testosterone 5α-reductase than several plant extracts, suggesting potential for treating androgen-dependent diseases.

In this study, testosterone and certain metabolites were highly effective in promoting sebaceous structure growth in the female hamster flank organ, while others had limited or no effect.

In this study, researchers observed that a significant number of women in Eket, Nigeria, have low testosterone levels, while a subset with high free testosterone may have polycystic ovary syndrome.

This study reported that testosterone replacement therapy was not linked to worse COVID-19 outcomes in men, though the data showed high hospitalization and fatality rates that suggest otherwise.

In this animal study, finasteride was found to significantly lower cortisol and increase testosterone levels in female rats, indicating its broader impact on endocrine regulation by altering adrenal and gonadal hormones.

This study found that Convolvulus arvensis ethanolic extract may promote hair growth and reduce hair loss in albino mice with testosterone-induced baldness by increasing follicular density and the anagen/telogen ratio.

This study found that testosterone therapy improved physical performance and strength in older men with low testosterone over 36 months, whether administered alone or with finasteride.

This study found that testosterone therapy in trans men increased facial and body hair growth while the prevalence and severity of acne peaked at 6 months but were primarily mild after long-term treatment.

This review discusses the use of testosterone therapy for low libido in women, noting mixed evidence on breast cancer risk and a lack of long-term safety data.

Randomized trials reported that testosterone therapy improved sexual function in postmenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder, particularly those who had undergone oophorectomy, with reversible and well-tolerated side effects.

This review examines age-related changes in androgen levels in women and explores the rationale for testosterone replacement therapy, but it reports no new clinical findings.

This study found that the GGC repeat length significantly influenced testosterone levels in oral contraceptive users from high-risk breast cancer families, and homozygosity for short alleles may be linked to increased breast cancer risk.

This study found that finasteride effectively prevented testosterone-induced kidney stone formation in renal tubular cells by reducing COM crystal adhesion and crystallization.

This study reported that pulverizing hair samples significantly improves the precision of testosterone measurement, with higher testosterone concentrations observed in men than in women.

This review discusses the limitations of serum androgen measurements in diagnosing and treating women with potential androgen-related disorders and the potential role of androgen replacement therapy for those with sexual interest/arousal disorders, reporting no new results.

In this review and meta-analysis, the authors concluded that 5α-reductase inhibitor therapy is not consistently associated with significant increases in serum testosterone levels in men.

This study found that testosterone therapy can enhance sexual satisfaction and mood in surgically menopausal women on oestrogen, though ongoing monitoring and research are needed to assess long-term safety and effects in other groups.

This narrative review highlights the critical role of intracrine hormone production in peripheral tissues, suggesting that continuous-release subcutaneous testosterone pellet therapy may offer a more effective symptom-driven approach for aging populations, though large-scale randomized controlled trials are needed for confirmation.

In this study conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, researchers reported that males with androgenetic alopecia had significantly higher levels of serum LH, prolactin, testosterone, DHEA-S, and free androgen index, and lower levels of serum FSH and SHBG compared to those without hair loss.

This review describes the clinical features of testosterone deficiency syndrome in aging men but reports no new experimental findings, highlighting the need for clinical recognition and treatment of TDS.

This review discusses the safety of testosterone therapy for postmenopausal women and concludes that, aside from hirsutism and acne, it appears safe at physiological doses for several years, though more long-term studies are needed.

This study found that testosterone treatment in older hypogonadal men caused minor improvements in depressive symptoms and visuospatial memory, but overall, major cognitive benefits were not observed.

This animal study found that Cinnamomi cortex water extract reduced prostate weight and improved histological changes in a benign prostatic hyperplasia model, suggesting potential as a treatment.

This study found that 4-MA is a potent inhibitor of testosterone 5α-reductase in human tissues, promising potential for treating androgen-dependent skin conditions like male pattern baldness.

This study found that Cacumen platycladi extract significantly promoted hair growth and reduced dihydrotestosterone levels by inhibiting 5α-reductase activity in an androgen-sensitive mouse model.

This review addresses the effects of testosterone on brain development and examines both the established sex differences in brain functions and the debate surrounding structural dimorphism in neuropsychiatric conditions.

The researchers suggest that testosterone levels might influence COVID-19 susceptibility and severity, with low levels potentially protecting against infection but possibly worsening severe disease due to cytokine storm activation.