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    Glossary Terminal Hair Follicles

    structures producing thick, pigmented hair on scalp and body

    Terminal hair follicles are the structures in the skin that produce terminal hair, which is the thick, pigmented hair found on the scalp, face, armpits, and pubic area. Unlike vellus hair, which is fine and light, terminal hair is coarser and darker, and its growth is influenced by hormonal changes, particularly androgens.

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    1. Expression of the L-Fucose Moiety on Infrainfundibular Follicular Keratinocytes of Terminal Follicles, Its Decreased Expression on Vellus and Indeterminate Follicles of Androgenetic Alopecia, and Re-Expression in Drug-Induced Hair Regrowth Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 1992 · 9 citations
    2. Viable terminal scalp hair follicles constitute a necessary and sufficient biological end‐organ that conditions clinical efficacy of finasteride in males with male pattern hair loss without implying reversal of miniaturized follicles Skin Research and Technology · 2019 · 6 citations
    3. Pattern hair loss: Assessment of microinflammation in miniaturized and terminal hair follicles through horizontal histologic sections Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology · 2020 · 11 citations
    4. Characterisation of cell cycle arrest and terminal differentiation in a maximally proliferative human epithelial tissue: Lessons from the human hair follicle matrix European Journal of Cell Biology · 2017 · 30 citations
    5. 561 Vellus-to-terminal hair follicle reconversion does occur in male pattern balding in a new humanized mouse model of androgenetic alopecia and is promoted by minoxidil and PRP Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2022
    6. Expression of MK6a dominant-negative and C-terminal mutant transgenes in mice has distinct phenotypic consequences in the epidermis and hair follicle Differentiation · 1999 · 30 citations
    7. Colocalization of Cystatin M/E and its Target Proteases Suggests a Role in Terminal Differentiation of Human Hair Follicle and Nail 2008 · 22 citations
    8. 564 Vertex and Occipital Intermediate and Terminal Hair Follicles from Androgenetic Alopecia Patients are Differentially Affected by Testosterone Ex Vivo Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2022
    9. Maintenance of optimised hair growth from viable terminal scalp hair follicles at baseline with oral finasteride in male pattern hair loss and first evidence of a “drug dependency” and a post-finasteride “rebound effect”. Skin Research and Technology · 2019 · 4 citations
    10. 591 Chromatin architectural protein CTCF regulates terminal keratinocyte differentiation in the developing epidermis and hair follicles 2021
    11. Penetration Profile of Microspheres in Follicular Targeting of Terminal Hair Follicles 2004 · 316 citations
    12. Vellus-to-terminal Hair Follicle Reconversion Occurs in Male Pattern Balding and is Promoted by Minoxidil and Platelet-rich Plasma: In Vivo Evidence from a New Humanized Mouse Model of Androgenetic Alopecia Acta dermato-venereologica · 2023
    13. ESDR564 – Vertex and Occipital Intermediate and Terminal Hair Follicles from Androgenetic Alopecia Patients are Differentially Affected by Testosterone Ex Vivo 2022
    14. Human hair follicle: reservoir function and selective targeting British Journal of Dermatology · 2011 · 97 citations
    15. Intermediate hair follicles: a new more clinically relevant model for hair growth investigations British Journal of Dermatology · 2010 · 30 citations
    16. Androgens trigger different growth responses in genetically identical human hair follicles in organ culture that reflect their epigenetic diversity in life The FASEB Journal · 2017 · 19 citations
    17. Hair follicle changes following intense pulsed light axillary hair reduction: histometrical, histological and immunohistochemical evaluation Archives of Dermatological Research · 2017 · 8 citations
    18. Pharmacological aspects of hair follicle growth 1989 · 7 citations
    19. Compound Follicles in Folliculitis Decalvans Do Not Contain Vellus and Retained Telogen Follicles—A Pilot Histopathologic Series on Polytrichia Journal of Cutaneous Pathology · 2024
    20. Hair regrowth in male and female pattern hair loss does not involve the conversion of vellus hair to terminal hair Experimental Dermatology · 2016 · 14 citations
    21. Quantification of hair follicle parameters using computer image analysis: A comparison of androgenetic alopecia with normal scalp biopsies Australasian Journal of Dermatology · 1995 · 13 citations
    22. Dynamics of Hair Follicle Morphogenesis and Skin Homeostasis Deep Blue (University of Michigan) · 2018
    23. Association of basonuclin with ability of keratinocytes to multiply and with absence of terminal differentiation. The Journal of Cell Biology · 1994 · 104 citations
    24. Hormonal Effects on Hair Follicles International journal of molecular sciences · 2020 · 102 citations
    25. Determination of the cuticula thickness of human and porcine hairs and their potential influence on the penetration of nanoparticles into the hair follicles Journal of Biomedical Optics · 2009 · 95 citations
    26. A Novel Epithelial Keratin, hK6irs1, is Expressed Differentially in All Layers of the Inner Root Sheath, Including Specialized Huxley Cells (Flügelzellen) of the Human Hair Follicle Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2002 · 86 citations
    27. Peptidylarginine Deiminase Isoforms Are Differentially Expressed in the Anagen Hair Follicles and Other Human Skin Appendages Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2005 · 71 citations
    28. The Nude Mutant Gene Foxn1 Is a HOXC13 Regulatory Target during Hair Follicle and Nail Differentiation 2010 · 68 citations
    29. The Ludwig pattern of androgenetic alopecia is due to a hierarchy of androgen sensitivity within follicular units that leads to selective miniaturization and a reduction in the number of terminal hairs per follicular unit British Journal of Dermatology · 2008 · 47 citations
    30. Cell Movement in the Hair Follicle Dermis – More Than a Two-Way Street? Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2003 · 47 citations