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    Glossary Paracrine Signaling

    cells communicate by releasing molecules to nearby cells

    Paracrine signaling is a form of cell-to-cell communication where a cell produces signaling molecules, such as growth factors or cytokines, that affect nearby target cells within the same tissue. Unlike endocrine signaling, which involves hormones traveling through the bloodstream to distant targets, paracrine signals act locally, ensuring a rapid and specific response in the immediate cellular environment. This type of signaling is crucial in processes like wound healing, immune responses, and hair follicle regulation.

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    1. Androgen Receptor–Mediated Paracrine Signaling Induces Regression of Blood Vessels in the Dermal Papilla in Androgenetic Alopecia Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2022 · 6 citations
    2. Paracrine TGF-β Signaling Counterbalances BMP-Mediated Repression in Hair Follicle Stem Cell Activation Cell stem cell · 2012 · 321 citations
    3. Human CD133 <sup>+</sup> Progenitor Cells Promote the Healing of Diabetic Ischemic Ulcers by Paracrine Stimulation of Angiogenesis and Activation of Wnt Signaling Circulation Research · 2009 · 245 citations
    4. Epidermal β-catenin activation remodels the dermis via paracrine signalling to distinct fibroblast lineages Nature Communications · 2016 · 115 citations
    5. Cx43 hemichannel-mediated paracrine involves in the promotion of MSCs on skin wound healing Stem Cell Research & Therapy · 2025 · 1 citations
    6. Rac-dependent signaling from keratinocytes promotes differentiation of intradermal white adipocytes bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · 2018 · 1 citations
    7. Molecular basis of androgenetic alopecia: From androgen to paracrine mediators through dermal papilla Journal of Dermatological Science · 2010 · 122 citations
    8. Prolactin Signaling Influences the Timing Mechanism of the Hair Follicle: Analysis of Hair Growth Cycles in Prolactin Receptor Knockout Mice* Endocrinology · 2001 · 73 citations
    9. Prolactin Signaling Influences the Timing Mechanism of the Hair Follicle: Analysis of Hair Growth Cycles in Prolactin Receptor Knockout Mice Endocrinology · 2001 · 14 citations
    10. Paracrine Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 4 Inhibits Melanocytes Differentiation in Hair Follicle Stem Cells International · 2017 · 8 citations
    11. From Hair to Colon: Hair Follicle-Derived MSCs Alleviate Pyroptosis in DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis by Releasing Exosomes in a Paracrine Manner Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · 2022 · 1 citations
    12. Emerging nonmetabolic functions of skin fat Nature Reviews Endocrinology · 2018 · 65 citations
    13. The Role of Stem Cells in Cutaneous Wound Healing: What Do We Really Know? Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery · 2011 · 43 citations
    14. MSCs and their exosomes: a rapidly evolving approach in the context of cutaneous wounds therapy Stem Cell Research & Therapy · 2021 · 25 citations
    15. Stem cell–derived secretome: a novel strategy for wound healing Frontiers in Pharmacology · 2026
    16. Convergent Regenerative Strategies in PM&R for Musculoskeletal and Hair Restoration: Integration of PRP, Exosomes, and Physical Modalities Archives of Internal Medicine Research · 2026
    17. The Central Role of Fibroblasts in Androgenic Alopecia: a systematic umbrella review and meta-meta-analysis Open MIND · 2026
    18. Application and Prospect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Field of Skin Academic Journal of Science and Technology · 2025
    19. Alternative Therapies for Hair Loss: Stem Cells, Oils, and Laser Treatment Dermatological Reviews · 2025
    20. The Role and Prospects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Skin Repair and Regeneration Biomedicines · 2024
    21. Author response: Crosstalk with keratinocytes causes GNAQ oncogene specificity in melanoma 2021
    22. Decision letter: Crosstalk with keratinocytes causes GNAQ oncogene specificity in melanoma 2021
    23. 1376 Dermal white adipose tissue enhances proliferation, pigmentation and hair shaft elongation in human hair follicles ex vivo Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2018
    24. Melatonin membrane receptors in peripheral tissues: Distribution and functions Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · 2012 · 506 citations
    25. Androgens and androgen receptor action in skin and hair follicles Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · 2017 · 100 citations
    26. Transgneic Endothelin 3 Regulates Murine Pigment Production and Coat Color 2017
    27. Diffuser Haarausfall und klinische Endokrinologie: Neue Erkenntnisse Journal für Kardiologie (Krause & Pachernegg GmbH) · 2013
    28. Mouse models with a disrupted PTHrP gene or a disrupted PTH gene (PTH−/− mice) Bone · 2010
    29. Stem cell secretome as a mechanism for restoring hair loss due to stress, particularly alopecia areata: narrative review Journal of Biomedical Science · 2022 · 2 citations
    30. Hair growth promoting effect of dermal papilla like tissues from canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells through vascular endothelial growth factor Journal of Veterinary Medical Science · 2016 · 8 citations