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Glossary Ototoxicity

property of being toxic to the ear, causing hearing loss

Ototoxicity refers to the property of being toxic to the ear, specifically the cochlea or auditory nerve and sometimes the vestibular system, which can result in hearing loss or balance disorders. This condition is often caused by certain medications or chemicals, such as aminoglycoside antibiotics or chemotherapy agents, which can damage the inner ear structures.

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research Ototoxicity of Common Topical Antimycotic Preparations

65 citations , April 2000 in “The Laryngoscope”

This study concluded that clotrimazole, miconazole, and tolnaftate appeared safe in guinea pigs, whereas gentian violet showed potential for severe ototoxicity, and nystatin left a concerning residue.

research Metformin protects against gentamicin-induced hair cell death in vitro but not ototoxicity in vivo

26 citations , September 2014 in “Neuroscience Letters”

This study found that metformin did not prevent gentamicin-induced hearing loss and even worsened auditory threshold shifts and caused adverse effects at higher doses in guinea pigs.

research Estradiol protects hair cells from cisplatin-induced ototoxicity via Nrf2 activation

2 citations , January 2023 in “Redox Report”

This study found that estradiol significantly reduces cisplatin-induced cochlear hair cell death in mice, likely by activating Nrf2 and phase II detoxification enzymes.

research Effect of low level laser therapy on hair cell regeneration following gentamicin induced ototoxicity in postnatal organotypic culture of rat cochlea

1 citations , February 2010 in “Proceedings of SPIE”

This study suggests that low level laser therapy may promote hair cell regeneration in rat cochlear explants following gentamicin-induced damage.

research Deferoxamine protects cochlear hair cells and hair cell-like HEI-OC1 cells against tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced ototoxicity

March 2024 in “Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease”

This study found that deferoxamine may protect against sensorineural hearing loss by reducing oxidative stress-induced hair cell death through iron chelation and activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway in lab models.

research Inositol hexaphosphate alleviates ototoxicity and age‐related hearing loss by preserving cochlear hair cells in mice

November 2025 in “British Journal of Pharmacology”

This study found that inositol hexaphosphate significantly reduced hearing threshold shifts and outer hair cell loss in various sensorineural hearing loss mouse models, suggesting potential for otoprotective use.

research Sesn2/AMPK/mTOR signaling mediates balance between survival and apoptosis in sensory hair cells under stress

21 citations , October 2017 in “Cell death and disease”

This study found that the absence of the stress-responsive protein Sesn2 increased hair cell susceptibility to gentamicin in the inner ear, indicating Sesn2's potential protective role against aminoglycoside-induced damage.

research Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Exosomes Rescue the Loss of Outer Hair Cells and Repair Cochlear Damage in Cisplatin-Injected Mice

8 citations , June 2021 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

In this study, UCMSC exosomes showed protective effects against cisplatin-induced hearing loss in mice by improving hearing and promoting cochlear tissue repair.

research Hair cell toxicology: With the help of a little fish

4 citations , December 2022 in “Frontiers in cell and developmental biology”

This review discusses the use of zebrafish larvae as an alternative model for studying ototoxicity, facilitating large-scale screening for otoprotective compounds, but reports no new clinical results.

research Toxic Effect of Platinum Compounds: Molecular Mechanisms of Toxicity

1 citations , October 2021 in “Al-Rafidain journal of medical sciences.”

This review discusses the toxic effects and mechanisms of platinum compounds in cancer treatment, emphasizing the need for new compounds with different mechanisms of action; it reports no new clinical results.

research Autophagy-related protein 12 associates with anti-apoptotic B cell lymphoma-2 to promote apoptosis in gentamicin-induced inner ear hair cell loss

2 citations , April 2017 in “Molecular Medicine Reports”

In this study, blocking autophagy with 3-methyladenine significantly improved the survival of inner ear hair cells in a gentamicin-induced ototoxic mouse model.

research Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes ameliorate gentamicin-induced vestibular hair cell injury by regulating the SNARE pathway and enhancing autophagy

1 citations , December 2025 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy”

This study found that hucMSC-EXOs delivered via intratympanic injection effectively target vestibular sensory tissues, significantly reducing gentamicin-induced balance issues and high-frequency hearing loss, with some measured outcomes surpassing those achieved with dexamethasone.

research The side effects of platinum-based chemotherapy drugs: a review for chemists

1108 citations , January 2018 in “Dalton transactions”

This review discusses the multiple severe side effects of cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin in cancer treatment and reports no new clinical results; the authors emphasize the need for careful monitoring and supportive care to manage these effects.

research Ornithine decarboxylase is a target for chemoprevention of basal and squamous cell carcinomas in Ptch1+/– mice

65 citations , March 2004 in “Journal of Clinical Investigation”

In this study, overexpression of ornithine decarboxylase accelerated basal cell carcinoma in Ptch1+/– mice under UVB exposure, while its inhibition reduced tumor induction, suggesting potential chemoprevention strategies in humans.

research Environmental exposure to platinum group elements released by automotive catalytic converters: the risk for children

11 citations , January 2008 in “International journal of environment and health”

This review discusses the environmental contamination and health risks of Platinum Group Elements, highlighting their potential bioaccumulation and associated health issues, especially in vulnerable populations like children, and reports no new experimental findings.

research Diuretics

1 citations , September 2017 in “Elsevier eBooks”

Diuretics help the body get rid of excess salt and water by acting on the kidneys in different ways.

research Vestibular Hair Cell Regeneration and Restoration of Balance Function Induced by Math1 Gene Transfer

129 citations , January 2007 in “Otology & Neurotology”

This study found that delivering math1 via an adenovector led to vestibular hair cell regeneration and improved balance function in ototoxin-treated adult mice.

research Selenium as an element in the treatment of ovarian cancer in women receiving chemotherapy

127 citations , March 2004 in “Gynecologic oncology”

This study concluded that selenium supplementation for ovarian cancer patients during chemotherapy may have several beneficial effects, such as increased antioxidant enzyme activity, reduced chemotherapy-related symptoms, and higher selenium levels in serum and hair.

research Impact of Cernitin™ on induced chronic prostatitis in animal model for understanding management of lower urinary tract symptoms

1 citations , March 2021 in “Phytomedicine plus”

This study in male rats found that Cernitin™ significantly relieved pain and decreased prostate weight in models of chronic prostatitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia, suggesting an anti-inflammatory effect.

research Live imaging of skin immunity using two-photon microscopy: a short review

January 2026 in “Inflammation and Regeneration”

This review highlights that two-photon excitation microscopy is a valuable tool for visualizing live skin structures and immune responses at high resolution, though its clinical use is hindered by safety and cost issues.

research Use of chemotherapy during human pregnancy

724 citations , April 2004 in “Lancet Oncology”

This review summarizes the use and neonatal outcomes of chemotherapy during pregnancy, noting its potential for safe use in the second and third trimesters, and reports no new clinical results.

research Fibrinogen and LDL apheresis in treatment of sudden hearing loss: a randomised multicentre trial

177 citations , December 2002 in “The Lancet”

In this study, single fibrinogen/LDL apheresis showed a significant improvement in speech perception for patients with plasma fibrinogen concentrations over 295 mg/dL compared to standard treatment for sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

research Finasteride

86 citations , July 1993 in “Drugs”

Finasteride treats enlarged prostate, shrinks it, improves urination, but may cause sexual dysfunction and isn't for women or children.

research The transdermal inhibition of melanogenesis by a cell-membrane-permeable peptide delivery system based on poly-arginine

36 citations , March 2014 in “Biomaterials”

This study found that the 11R-No. 10 peptide, delivered transdermally, significantly inhibited melanogenesis and produced a whitening effect in a UV-induced sun-tanning guinea pig model without cytotoxicity.

research Development of gene therapy for inner ear disease: Using bilateral vestibular hypofunction as a vehicle for translational research

28 citations , January 2011 in “Hearing Research”

This review covers recent developments in inner ear therapeutics and gene delivery methods but reports no new clinical results; it highlights potential strategies for treating hearing and balance disorders.

research Pegylated-interferon-α_2ain clinical practice: how to manage patients suffering from side effects

17 citations , February 2011 in “Expert Opinion on Drug Safety”

This review discusses adverse effects associated with pegylated IFN therapy for chronic hepatitis C and highlights the potential of new antiviral drugs to reduce side effects and improve treatment adherence, but reports no new clinical results.

research A bibliometric study of scientific literature in Scopus on botanicals for treatment of androgenetic alopecia

15 citations , November 2015 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology”

This study reviews existing literature on botanicals for androgenetic alopecia, noting a growing interest and emphasizing research on hair growth stimulants, especially involving green tea and other specific botanicals.

research Common Dermatologic Procedures

9 citations , September 2015 in “Medical Clinics of North America”

This article reviews common dermatologic procedures, focusing on skin biopsy techniques, with no new clinical results reported.

research Examination of androgenetic alopecia with serum biomarkers

7 citations , September 2020 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology”

This study found that patients with androgenetic alopecia had increased oxidative stress and microinflammation, contributing to hair loss, due to elevated levels of specific serum biomarkers compared to controls.

research Wound healing mechanism in Mongolian gerbil skin

6 citations , November 2018 in “Histochemistry and Cell Biology”

This study observed that gerbils exhibit a different wound healing mechanism compared to mice, with lower TGF-B1 expression and distinct tissue responses, yet achieve similar healing outcomes.