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In 2011, there were major scientific breakthroughs in cancer treatment, immunity, Parkinson's, virus simulation, schizophrenia, hair growth, lung cancer, and medical grafts.

Botanical extracts are increasingly important in cosmetics and drugs for their effectiveness and safety, backed by traditional use and scientific evidence.

The exam tested knowledge on various skin-related topics for CME credit.

Mannitol diuresis allows higher doses of cis-platinum for testicular cancer treatment without increasing kidney damage.

Treatments for hair loss include estrogen therapy and special shampoos.

Alopecia areata's causes are unclear, treatments exist but relapses are common.

Younger people (median age 35) experience more PFS-like symptoms with 1mg finasteride; more research needed.

Low-level Laser Therapy may help reduce inflammation, pain, and aid healing, but more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness and establish standard treatment guidelines.

Method detects finasteride in plasma at very low concentrations.

Male hormones may play a role in the development of heart disease, and more research is needed to understand their effects.

The enzyme steroid sulfatase is linked to breast cancer and other conditions, and inhibitors are being developed for treatment.

Coumarin derivatives show promise as anti-estrogenic agents for treating breast cancer, with some in clinical trials.

Improving artificial vascular grafts requires better materials and surface designs to reduce blood clotting and support blood vessel cell growth.

Testosterone is important for men's sexual function, may help some women's sexual desire, while other hormones and neurotransmitters also play complex roles in sexual behavior.

Myo-inositol supplements may improve insulin sensitivity and help with conditions like PCOS and gestational diabetes, but more research is needed.

The Rotterdam Study updated findings on elderly health, focusing on heart disease, genetics, lifestyle effects, and disease understanding.

Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.

The Rotterdam Study found risk factors for elderly diseases, links between lifestyle and genetics with health conditions, and aimed to explore new areas like DNA methylation and sensory input effects on brain function.

Anticancer drugs are increasingly found in surface waters, and their long-term environmental effects are not well understood, requiring better testing methods.

Polysaccharides have many health benefits and are used in drugs, but isolating and purifying them is complex and requires careful methods.

Air pollution worsens skin diseases and aging by causing inflammation and oxidative stress.

Chemicals and body size might change when puberty starts and progresses, but more research is needed to confirm this.

The article suggests managing interferon beta therapy side effects in MS with dose adjustments, medications, and patient education.

Niosomes improve minoxidil skin delivery for hair loss treatment.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles in sunscreen do not penetrate deep into the skin.

Polymeric nanoparticles show promise for treating skin diseases.

New nanofiber technology improves wound healing by supporting cell growth and delivering treatments directly to the wound.

Niosomes are a promising, stable, and cost-effective drug delivery system with potential for improved targeting and safety.

Mutations in the SRD5A3 gene cause a new type of glycosylation disorder by blocking the production of a molecule necessary for protein glycosylation.

The report recommends personalized treatment for women's sexual dysfunctions and more research on effective therapies.