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GlossaryRespiratory Infection

infection affecting the respiratory system, including sinuses, throat, or lungs

A Respiratory Infection, also known as a Respiratory Tract Infection (RTI), is an infection that affects the respiratory system, which includes the sinuses, throat, airways, or lungs. These infections can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or other pathogens and are commonly categorized into upper respiratory infections (like the common cold and sinusitis) and lower respiratory infections (such as bronchitis and pneumonia). Symptoms can range from mild, like a runny nose and sore throat, to severe, such as difficulty breathing and chest pain.

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research Highlights

August 2019 in “Journal of the Formosan Medical Association”

Melatonin may help with nerve pain, a hepatitis C drug is effective but has side effects, a treatment for mouth sores works but can cause blood issues, ear reconstruction with an implant is safe, HIV transmission from mother to child in Taiwan is now 0% with treatment, certain blood problems are more common in people with a tongue condition, a gene and being overweight are linked to hair loss in some women, a new technique could reduce radiation for lung nodule patients, a hepatitis treatment may lower cancer recurrence after a procedure, and adding extra screening improves tuberculosis detection in patients with lung infections.

Immunological aspects and gender bias during respiratory viral infections including novel Coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19): A scoping review

research Immunological aspects and gender bias during respiratory viral infections including novel Coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19): A scoping review

11 citations , May 2021 in “Journal of Medical Virology”

Men are more likely to have severe respiratory viral infections like COVID-19 due to hormonal and genetic differences, while women generally have stronger immune responses.

research Alymphoid cystic thymic dysgenesis - FOXN1 gene mutation: a rare case report of two siblings

November 2020 in “International journal of contemporary pediatrics”

Two siblings had a rare immune disorder caused by a FOXN1 gene mutation.

research Gerbils

July 2017

Proper care and diet are crucial to prevent health issues in gerbils.

research Clinical and Immunological Phenotype of Patients With Primary Immunodeficiency Due to Damaging Mutations in NFKB2

98 citations , March 2019 in “Frontiers in immunology”

Damaging mutations in NFKB2 cause a severe and distinct form of primary immunodeficiency with early-onset and often ACTH-deficiency.

research Clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment and outcome of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in children

42 citations , December 2004 in “Paediatric Respiratory Reviews”

Children generally have milder SARS symptoms than adults, with good outcomes and no deaths reported, but long-term effects are unclear.

research The Rotterdam Study: 2012 objectives and design update

247 citations , August 2011 in “European Journal of Epidemiology”

The Rotterdam Study updated its design and objectives in 2012, providing insights into various diseases in the elderly, including skin cancer, bone health, liver disease, neurological and psychiatric conditions, and respiratory issues.

research Unraveling the Link Between Ectodermal Disorders and Primary Immunodeficiencies

9 citations , March 2015 in “International reviews of immunology”

Skin abnormalities can indicate immunodeficiency due to shared origins with the immune system.

research The use of mesenchymal stromal cells in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019

20 citations , September 2020 in “Journal of Translational Medicine”

Mesenchymal stromal cells may help treat severe COVID-19, but more research is needed to confirm their effectiveness.

research COVID-19 and endocrine and metabolic diseases. An updated statement from the European Society of Endocrinology

68 citations , May 2021 in “Endocrine”

People with diabetes or obesity should manage their conditions carefully as they have a higher risk of severe COVID-19.

research Eupafolin nanoparticles protect HaCaT keratinocytes from particulate matter-induced inflammation and oxidative stress

43 citations , August 2016 in “International Journal of Nanomedicine”

Eupafolin nanoparticles help protect skin cells from damage caused by air pollution.

research Hereditary vitamin D rickets: a case series in a family

6 citations , January 2014 in “Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism/Journal of pediatric endocrinology and metabolism”

Three siblings with a genetic form of rickets showed different symptoms of the disease.

research Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, February 13–16, 2013

4 citations , June 2013 in “The Journal of Rheumatology”

The document concludes that various findings in rheumatology offer insights into disease severity, treatment responses, and potential risks in medication, with some limitations due to unspecified participant numbers.

research Finding Long-COVID: Temporal Topic Modeling of Electronic Health Records from the N3C and RECOVER Programs

September 2023 in “medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

Long-COVID has diverse, long-term health impacts, especially in young people.

research Deficient anterior pituitary with common variable immune deficiency (DAVID syndrome): a new case and literature reports

1 citations , June 2023 in “Journal of neuroendocrinology”

DAVID syndrome is a condition with immune system and hormone deficiencies, needing early diagnosis to avoid serious complications.

research Beneficial effects of zinc on reducing severity of depression

2 citations , July 2019 in “Journal of psychology & clinical psychiatry”

Zinc helps reduce the severity of depression.

research What’s Sex Got to Do With COVID-19? Gender-Based Differences in the Host Immune Response to Coronaviruses

125 citations , August 2020 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

Men generally have more severe COVID-19 cases and higher death rates than women due to biological differences.

research Mutations in the vitamin D receptor gene in four patients with hereditary 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-resistant rickets

24 citations , November 2008 in “Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia”

Four patients with a type of rickets and hair loss had different mutations in their vitamin D receptor gene, causing it to not work properly.

research COVID-19 clinical outcomes and nationality: results from a Nationwide registry in Kuwait

18 citations , September 2020 in “BMC Public Health”

Non-Kuwaiti COVID-19 patients had worse health outcomes than Kuwaitis, likely due to poorer socioeconomic conditions.

research A machine learning and network framework to discover new indications for small molecules

8 citations , August 2020 in “PLOS Computational Biology”

A machine learning model called CATNIP can predict new uses for existing drugs, like using antidepressants for Parkinson's disease and a thyroid cancer drug for diabetes.

research Knowledge, Attitude and Perceptions of the population towards Vitamin D in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

1 citations , November 2022 in “World Family Medicine Journal /Middle East Journal of Family Medicine”

People in Jeddah know about Vitamin D and its sources but are unclear on how much they need daily, and while many women take supplements, attitudes towards increasing Vitamin D levels vary.

research Are Nutraceuticals Effective in COVID-19 and Post-COVID Prevention and Treatment?

12 citations , September 2022 in “Foods”

Some nutraceuticals may help in COVID-19 prevention and treatment, but more research is needed.

research Inhaled Medicines for Targeting Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

2 citations , December 2023 in “Pharmaceutics”

Inhaling medicine may reduce side effects and improve treatment for a major lung cancer type.

research Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

84 citations , March 2010 in “Infectious Disease Clinics of North America”

The document concludes that rapid identification, isolation, and strict infection control are crucial to manage SARS outbreaks.

research Alterations in nasal mucociliary activity in polycystic ovary syndrome

5 citations , December 2016 in “European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology”

Women with PCOS may have a higher risk of respiratory and ear infections due to slower nasal mucociliary clearance.

research Integrated safety analysis of baricitinib in adults with severe alopecia areata from two randomized clinical trials

25 citations , November 2022 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

Baricitinib for severe alopecia areata is generally safe, with common side effects like infections and acne, and low rates of serious complications.

Local heroes or villains: tissue-resident memory T cells in human health and disease

research Incidence and prevalence of alopecia areata in the Australian primary care setting: A retrospective analysis of electronic health record data

July 2023 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology”

The analysis found that alopecia areata, a hair loss condition, is not very common in Australia, affecting about 0.13% of people, with new cases most often seen in males aged 19 to 34 years.