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Glossary JAK-STAT pathway

transmits signals from cell surface to nucleus for gene expression

The JAK-STAT pathway, short for Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway, is a chain of interactions between proteins in a cell that transmits signals from chemical signals outside the cell to the cell nucleus, resulting in DNA transcription and activity changes. This pathway is crucial for regulating immune function, cell growth, and development, and has been implicated in various diseases, including certain types of alopecia and cancers.

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research WNT5A drives interleukin-6-dependent epithelial–mesenchymal transition via the JAK/STAT pathway in keloid pathogenesis

56 citations , January 2022 in “Burns & Trauma”

This study suggests that intercellular communication via the WNT5A and STAT pathways may partly drive EMT-like phenomena in keloid pathogenesis, based on findings in an animal model.

research Scoping Review on the Use of Drugs Targeting JAK/STAT Pathway in Atopic Dermatitis, Vitiligo, and Alopecia Areata

55 citations , October 2019 in “Dermatology and therapy”

This review found that JAK/STAT pathway inhibitors, such as tofacitinib and ruxolitinib, led to symptom improvement in all observed atopic dermatitis cases, but responses were mixed for vitiligo and alopecia areata, with a generally mild safety profile reported.

research An overview of JAK/STAT pathways and JAK inhibition in alopecia areata

40 citations , August 2022 in “Frontiers in immunology”

This review discusses the potential of JAK inhibitors as a promising treatment strategy for alopecia areata, highlighting their mechanism and recent FDA approval based on clinical trial efficacy.

research Drugs targeting the JAK/STAT pathway for the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory skin diseases: protocol for a scoping review

17 citations , May 2019 in “BMJ Open”

This review discusses the potential of drugs targeting the JAK/STAT pathway for dermatological diseases and outlines a protocol to assess existing evidence, reporting no new clinical results.

research Mesenchymal Stem Cells Antagonize IFN-Induced Proinflammatory Changes and Growth Inhibition Effects via Wnt/β-Catenin and JAK/STAT Pathway in Human Outer Root Sheath Cells and Hair Follicles

14 citations , April 2021 in “International journal of molecular sciences”

This study found that human hematopoietic mesenchymal stem cells increased the viability and migration of human outer root sheath cells in an in vitro alopecia areata model, involving Wnt/β-catenin and JAK/STAT pathways.

Targeting JAK/STAT and Wnt/Beta-Catenin Pathways and 5-Alpha-Reductase Activity to Develop an Effective Anti-Hair Loss Product

research 570 Targeting JAK/STAT and Wnt/b-catenin pathways and 5a-reductase activity to develop an effective anti-hair loss product

November 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study found that a lotion containing specific plant extracts significantly increased the number of anagen hairs and the anagen/telogen ratio in subjects with androgenetic alopecia after three months of use.

research JAK-STAT pathway-associated skin diseases: a refined functional framework for inflammatory skin diseases

June 2026 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

This review highlights the potential for JAK inhibitors to effectively treat inflammatory and autoimmune skin diseases by targeting the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, advocating for an integrated approach to enhance targeted therapy.

Particulate Matter Induces Inflammatory Response in Human Outer Root Sheath Cells via Oxidative Stress-Dependent MAPK and JAK-STAT Signaling Pathways

research 705 Particulate matter induces inflammatory response in human outer root sheath cells via oxidative stress-dependent MAPK and JAK-STAT signaling pathways

July 2022 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This study suggests that particulate matter can induce inflammation in human outer root sheath cells, potentially affecting hair growth, through oxidative stress-dependent MAPK and JAK-STAT signaling pathways.

research The JAK/STAT signaling pathway: from bench to clinic

489 citations , November 2021 in “Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy”

This review discusses the composition, activation, and regulation of the JAK/STAT pathway and highlights its role and inhibitors in various diseases, but reports no new experimental results.

Hair Growth-Promoting Effects of Enz MoriL on Human Dermal Papilla Cells Through Modulation of the Wnt/β-Catenin and JAK-STAT Signaling Pathways

research Hair growth–promoting effects of Enz_MoriL on human dermal papilla cells through modulation of the Wnt/β-Catenin and JAK-STAT signaling pathways

May 2024 in “Archives of dermatological research”

This study found that Enz_MoriL, a compound derived from Morus alba L., promotes hair follicle cell proliferation by affecting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and can counteract an alopecia areata-like condition by suppressing the JAK-STAT signaling in human hair follicle dermal papilla cells.

research Pharmacologic inhibition of JAK-STAT signaling promotes hair growth

159 citations , October 2015 in “Science Advances”

This study observed that applying JAK-STAT pathway inhibitors to mouse and human skin led to rapid hair growth by inducing the anagen phase of hair follicles.

research Recalcitrant alopecia areata responsive to leflunomide and anthralin—Potentially undiscovered JAK/STAT inhibitors?

11 citations , October 2018 in “Pediatric dermatology”

In this case report, the authors describe a child with treatment-resistant alopecia areata who successfully responded to leflunomide and anthralin, proposing this combination as a potentially cost-effective alternative for managing recalcitrant cases by possibly inhibiting the JAK/STAT pathway.

Ruxolitinib Reverses Alopecia Areata Via a Triple Mechanism: JAK-STAT Inhibition, Localized Oxidative Stress Attenuation and Selective Apoptosis Modulation

research Ruxolitinib reverses alopecia areata via a triple mechanism: JAK-STAT inhibition, localized oxidative stress attenuation and selective apoptosis modulation

March 2026 in “Journal of Translational Autoimmunity”

In this study using a mouse model with alopecia areata, the researchers found that ruxolitinib enhances hair regrowth by inhibiting the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, and decreasing apoptosis, which supports its clinical effectiveness in treating this condition.

Baricitinib-Loaded EVs Promote Alopecia Areata Mouse Hair Regrowth by Reducing JAK-STAT-Mediated Inflammation and Promoting Hair Follicle Regeneration

research Baricitinib-loaded EVs promote alopecia areata mouse hair regrowth by reducing JAK-STAT-mediated inflammation and promoting hair follicle regeneration

December 2024 in “Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics”

This study investigated using baricitinib-loaded mesenchymal stem cell exosomes injected locally in an alopecia areata mouse model and found that this method improved hair regrowth better than baricitinib or exosomes alone, potentially offering a new therapeutic approach for treating alopecia areata.

research Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia Beyond Cytotoxicity: Hair Follicle Immune Privilege Collapse and JAK-STAT Signaling

May 2026 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

This review highlights emerging evidence that chemotherapy-induced alopecia may be driven by immune mechanisms similar to alopecia areata, involving hair follicle immune privilege collapse, and evaluates Janus kinase inhibitors as potential treatments, while cautioning about their immunosuppressive risks in cancer patients.

research JAK-inhibitors. New players in the field of immune-mediated diseases, beyond rheumatoid arthritis

223 citations , September 2018 in “Rheumatology”

This review examines clinical data on the efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitors used for immune-mediated conditions beyond rheumatoid arthritis, highlighting their potential therapeutic roles in various inflammatory diseases.

Identification of Potential Key Genes and Pathways Associated with the Pashmina Fiber Initiation Using RNA-Seq and Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis

research Identification of potential key genes and pathways associated with the Pashmina fiber initiation using RNA-Seq and integrated bioinformatics analysis

36 citations , January 2021 in “Scientific Reports”

This study identified key genes and signaling pathways involved in the growth phases of Pashmina goat hair follicles, highlighting the role of several gene families and transcription factors in fiber quality and growth regulation.

research Inhibidores de JAK: usos en dermatología. Parte 1: generalidades, aplicaciones en vitíligo y en alopecia areata

20 citations , December 2020 in “Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas”

This review examines the JAK/STAT signaling pathway's significance in inflammatory skin diseases and evaluates the efficacy and safety of oral and topical JAK inhibitors for treating vitiligo and alopecia areata. Results are not reported in this study.

research Efficacy of JAK 1/2 inhibition in the treatment of diffuse non-scarring alopecia due to systemic lupus erythematosus

16 citations , January 2020 in “Annals of the rheumatic diseases”

In this study, baricitinib improved the resolution of arthritis or rash in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, but outcomes for skin involvement like alopecia were not reported.

research Under Development JAK Inhibitors for Dermatologic Diseases

14 citations , January 2020 in “Mediterranean Journal of Rheumatology”

This review discusses the development of Janus kinase inhibitors for dermatologic diseases and reports no new results; the authors note the need for further research on their efficacy and safety.

research JAK Inhibitors: A New Weapon in the Skin Care Providers' Arsenal.

8 citations , March 2023 in “PubMed”

This review discusses JAK inhibitors as promising new treatments for various chronic dermatologic conditions, including some recent drug approvals, and reports no new clinical results.

research Alopecia Areata: Case report and review of pathophysiology and treatment with Jak inhibitors

6 citations , November 2022 in “Journal of autoimmunity”

This case report discusses a successful treatment of Alopecia Areata with tofacitinib and includes a literature review on the condition's pathophysiology and the mechanism of JAK inhibitors, though it notes the high failure rate of available treatments and absence of FDA-approved options.

Distinctive T Cell Patterns Defining Lymphocytic Alopecia and Alternate Autoimmune and Stem Cell Pathways, Linked to Pleiotropic Functions of Regulatory T Cells Within iSALT

research Distinctive T Cell Patterns Defining Lymphocytic Alopecia and Alternate Autoimmune and Stem Cell Pathways, Linked to Pleiotropic Functions of Regulatory T Cells Within iSALT

June 2026 in “American Journal of Dermatopathology”

This review describes various T-cell-mediated alopecias characterized by distinct lymphocytic patterns and explores their pathophysiology. It highlights the role of CD8+ and regulatory T cells, the JAK/STAT pathway, and stem cell niches, contributing to understanding and potentially addressing these hair loss conditions.

research Jak inhibitors in the treatment of alopecia areata - a literature review

June 2025 in “Journal of Education Health and Sport”

This review discusses the role of JAK inhibitors in treating alopecia areata by targeting the JAK/STAT pathway and highlights the promising results but also ongoing challenges such as relapse risk and side effects.

The Role of JAK Inhibitors in Alopecia Areata: Literature Review

research El papel de los inhibidores de JAK en la alopecia areata: revisión de la literatura

December 2022 in “Revista Medicina Cutánea Ibero-Latino-Americana”

This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in alopecia areata and suggests moderate efficacy of systemic inhibitors, with low adverse events but high recurrence rates.

research Topical JAK Inhibitors for the Treatment of Alopecia Areata and Vitiligo

March 2017 in “Current dermatology reports”

Topical JAK inhibitors can effectively treat alopecia areata and vitiligo by modulating immune responses.

research APECED: JAK Inhibition in an Adult Case with Long-Term Follow-up

December 2025 in “Journal of Human Immunity”

In this case report, a 37-year-old patient with APECED showed significant clinical improvement, including hair regrowth and resolution of skin issues, after 11 months of treatment with ruxolitinib, highlighting the potential of JAK inhibitors in managing this complex autoimmune disease.

research Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors for the treatment of skin and hair disorders: a review of literature

40 citations , December 2016 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment”

This study reviewed the role of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in skin diseases and the potential of JAK inhibitors for treating conditions like psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Although the findings are promising, the authors concluded it is premature to establish their place in dermatological treatments.

research Psychological Stress-Induced Pathogenesis of Alopecia Areata: Autoimmune and Apoptotic Pathways

3 citations , July 2023 in “International journal of molecular sciences”

This review discusses the association between emotional stress-related neuropeptides and the pathogenesis of alopecia areata, reporting no new experimental findings.

research The Role of JAK Inhibitors in Atopic Dermatitis, Alopecia Areata, and Vitiligo: A Review article

June 2026 in “Saudi Medical Horizons Journal”

This review discusses the role of JAK inhibitors in treating atopic dermatitis, alopecia areata, and vitiligo, highlighting their effectiveness and safety considerations but stressing the need for further research on long-term safety and patient selection.