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GlossaryInner Root Sheath

layer of cells supporting and shaping the growing hair shaft

The Inner Root Sheath (IRS) is a layer of cells that surrounds and supports the growing hair shaft within the hair follicle. It plays a crucial role in shaping the hair and guiding it as it emerges from the scalp. The IRS is composed of three distinct layers: Henle's layer, Huxley's layer, and the cuticle of the inner root sheath, each contributing to the structural integrity and function of the hair follicle.

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research A Novel Epithelial Keratin, hK6irs1, Is Expressed Differentially in All Layers of the Inner Root Sheath, Including Specialized Huxley Cells of the Human Hair Follicle

86 citations, May 2002 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

A new keratin, hK6irs1, is found in all layers of the hair follicle's inner root sheath.

research Abnormal Inner Root Sheath of the Hair Follicle in the Loose Anagen Hair Syndrome: An Ultrastructural Study

31 citations, January 2011 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

Loose anagen hair syndrome is caused by structural abnormalities in the hair follicle's inner root sheath.

research Structural Features of the Alpha-Type Filaments of the Inner Root Sheath Cells of the Guinea Pig Hair Follicle

24 citations, November 1978 in “Biochemistry”

α-type filaments in guinea pig hair follicles have unique structural features.

research Hairless Plays a Role in Formation of Inner Root Sheath via Regulation of Dlx3 Gene

17 citations, May 2012 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry”

Hairless protein affects hair follicle structure by regulating the Dlx3 gene.

Fine Structure and Immunocytochemistry of Monotreme Hairs, with Emphasis on the Inner Root Sheath and Trichohyalin-Based Cornification During Hair Evolution

research Fine Structure and Immunocytochemistry of Monotreme Hairs, with Emphasis on the Inner Root Sheath and Trichohyalin-Based Cornification During Hair Evolution

15 citations, July 2004 in “Journal of morphology”

Monotreme hair structure and protein distribution are similar to other mammals, but their inner root sheath cornifies differently, suggesting a unique evolution from reptile skin.

research Synthesis of Porcine pCLCA2 Protein During Late Differentiation of Keratinocytes of Epidermis and Hair Follicle Inner Root Sheath

13 citations, September 2012 in “Cell & tissue research/Cell and tissue research”

pCLCA2 protein may help maintain skin structure and function.

research Pili Trianguli Et Canaliculi Is a Defect of Inner Root Sheath Keratinization

8 citations, May 2005 in “The American journal of dermatopathology/American journal of dermatopathology”

The hair defect is due to abnormal inner root sheath keratinization.

research Fine Structure of Marsupial Hairs, with Emphasis on Trichohyalin and the Structure of the Inner Root Sheath

8 citations, July 2004 in “Journal of morphology”

Marsupial hair structure and keratin distribution are similar to placental mammals.

research Ultrastructural Immunolocalization of Involucrin in the Medulla and Inner Root Sheath of Human Hair

7 citations, December 2011 in “Annals of anatomy”

Involucrin helps strengthen the inner parts of human hair.

Premature Desquamation of the Inner Root Sheath in Noninflamed Hair Follicles as a Specific Marker for Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia

research Premature Desquamation of the Inner Root Sheath in Noninflamed Hair Follicles as a Specific Marker for Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia

6 citations, December 2018 in “The American Journal of Dermatopathology”

Early shedding of the inner root sheath in noninflamed hair follicles is a relatively specific sign of Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia.

research A KRT71 Loss-of-Function Variant Results in Inner Root Sheath Dysplasia and Recessive Congenital Hypotrichosis of Hereford Cattle

2 citations, July 2021 in “Genes”

A specific genetic change in the KRT71 gene causes a hair loss condition in Hereford cattle.

research Study on the Expression Patterns of Inner Root Sheath-Specific Genes in Tan Sheep Hair Follicle During Different Developmental Stages

July 2024 in “Gene”

IRS-specific genes in Tan sheep hair follicles peak at birth and may affect wool crimp.

research TRPV3 Gain-of-Function Mutation Impairs Differentiation of Hair Follicle Inner Root Sheath

April 2019 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

A specific mutation in the TRPV3 gene causes hair follicle cells to develop improperly, leading to hair loss.

research Some observations on the proteins of the inner root sheath cells of hair follicles

34 citations, July 1958 in “Biochimica et Biophysica Acta”

research μ-Crystallin, Thyroid Hormone-binding Protein, is Expressed Abundantly in the Murine Inner Root Sheath Cells

22 citations, September 2000 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

research Vesicle Formation and Follicular Root Sheath Separation in Mice Homozygous for Deleterious Alleles at the Balding Locus

38 citations, September 1997 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

A mutation in mice causes hair loss and skin issues due to a defect in a gene affecting cell adhesion.

research A Study of the Differentiation Products of the Hair Follicle Cells with the Electron Microscope

19 citations, July 1964 in “PubMed”

Hair follicle cells become four types: medulla, cortex, cuticle, and inner root sheath.

research Immunohistochemical Localization of Fibroblast Growth Factor 18 in Hair Follicles of Healthy Beagle Dogs

2 citations, March 2011 in “Veterinary Dermatology”

FGF18 is present in beagle dog hair follicles, mainly in the inner root sheath.

research Early and Late Matrix Progenitors Form the Terminally Differentiated Cell Layers of the Hair Follicle

April 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Early and late matrix progenitors in hair follicles create different cell layers, with early ones forming the companion layer and later ones forming the inner root sheath and hair shaft.

research Loose Anagen Hair of Childhood: The Phenomenon of Easily Pluckable Hair

85 citations, February 1989 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

Children with loose anagen hair have easily pluckable hair due to root sheath problems, and it might improve without treatment.

research Woolly Antics Between the Sheaths

1 citations, February 2009 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Lipase H is important for hair follicle function and shaping hair fibers.

research Expression of Vimentin in Hair Follicle Growth Cycle of Inner Mongolian Cashmere Goats

23 citations, January 2018 in “BMC genomics”

Vimentin is involved in regulating the hair growth cycle in Inner Mongolian Cashmere goats.

Acidic and Basic Hair/Nail (Hard) Keratins: Their Colocalization in Upper Cortical and Cuticle Cells of the Human Hair Follicle and Their Relationship to Soft Keratins

research Acidic and Basic Hair/Nail (Hard) Keratins: Their Colocalization in Upper Cortical and Cuticle Cells of the Human Hair Follicle and Their Relationship to Soft Keratins

356 citations, December 1986 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology”

Hair and nail cells share similar proteins, indicating a common differentiation pathway.

research Disruption of P2RY5, an Orphan G Protein–Coupled Receptor, Underlies Autosomal Recessive Woolly Hair

210 citations, February 2008 in “Nature genetics”

Mutations in the P2RY5 gene cause autosomal recessive woolly hair.

research The Transcriptional Repressor CDP (Cutl1) Is Essential for Epithelial Cell Differentiation of the Lung and the Hair Follicle

165 citations, September 2001 in “Genes & development”

CDP is crucial for lung and hair follicle cell development.

The Lysosomal Protease Cathepsin L Is an Important Regulator of Keratinocyte and Melanocyte Differentiation During Hair Follicle Morphogenesis and Cycling

research The Lysosomal Protease Cathepsin L Is an Important Regulator of Keratinocyte and Melanocyte Differentiation During Hair Follicle Morphogenesis and Cycling

146 citations, May 2002 in “The American journal of pathology”

Cathepsin L is essential for normal hair growth and development.

research A Novel Human Type II Cytokeratin, K6hf, Specifically Expressed in the Companion Layer of the Hair Follicle

139 citations, December 1998 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

K6hf is a unique protein found only in a specific layer of hair follicles.

research Hair Follicle-Specific Keratins And Their Diseases

138 citations, March 2007 in “Experimental cell research”

Only a few hair-specific keratins are linked to inherited hair disorders.

research Dlx3 Is a Crucial Regulator of Hair Follicle Differentiation and Cycling

132 citations, August 2008 in “Development”

Dlx3 is essential for hair growth and regeneration.

research Human Peptidylarginine Deiminase Type III: Molecular Cloning and Nucleotide Sequence of the cDNA, Properties of the Recombinant Enzyme, and Immunohistochemical Localization in Human Skin

124 citations, November 2000 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

PAD3 plays a key role in hair and skin protein structure and may be linked to skin diseases.