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Glossary Hormone Synthesis

body produces chemical messengers regulating growth, metabolism, and mood

Hormone synthesis is the process by which the body produces hormones, which are chemical messengers that regulate various functions such as growth, metabolism, and mood. This involves the conversion of specific precursor molecules into active hormones through enzymatic reactions, occurring primarily in endocrine glands like the thyroid, adrenal glands, and pancreas.

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research Androgen Biosynthesis and Gene Defects

November 2014 in “Elsevier eBooks”

This article reviews the clinical and biochemical features of genetic mutations affecting dihydrotestosterone production and their potential role in male pseudo-hermaphroditism, but presents no new clinical results.

research EFFECTS OF α-MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING HORMONE AND [8-ARGININE]-VASOTOCIN UPON MELANOGENESIS IN HAIR FOLLICLE MELANOCYTES IN VITRO

12 citations , December 1981 in “Journal of Endocrinology”

This study found that α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone increased melanin production in hair follicles of moulting Siberian hamsters, whereas [8-arginine]-vasotocin inhibited melanin production without affecting tyrosinase activity.

research Neurosteroids in Adult Hippocampus of Male and Female Rodents: Biosynthesis and Actions of Sex Steroids

61 citations , April 2018 in “Frontiers in endocrinology”

This review discusses the local production and role of sex steroids in the hippocampal neurons of adult rodents and reports no new experimental findings.

research Regulatory network of ginsenoside biosynthesis under Ro stress in the hairy roots of Panax ginseng revealed by RNA sequencing

5 citations , October 2022 in “Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology”

Ro stress hindered ginseng root growth and ginsenoside production, but increased certain hormones and affected gene regulation related to plant growth and stress responses.

research Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

16 citations , September 2008 in “Dermatologic Therapy”

This review discusses the clinical features, genetics, and treatment of 21-hydroxylase deficiency, a common type of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and reports no new research findings.

research Pharmacophore Models for Toxicology Prediction

January 2018 in “Computational Toxicology”

This review introduces pharmacophore technology and discusses its applications in toxicity prediction and limits, but reports no new clinical results.

research Young coconut juice can accelerate the healing process of cutaneous wounds

19 citations , December 2012 in “BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine”

This study demonstrates that young coconut juice appears to have estrogen-like properties that can accelerate wound healing in ovariectomized rats.

research Targets to treat androgen excess in polycystic ovary syndrome

14 citations , September 2015 in “Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets”

This review discusses potential treatments for androgen excess in polycystic ovary syndrome and reports no new findings, emphasizing the importance of individualized antiandrogenic management to minimize side effects.

research Prevention of Male Late-Onset Hypogonadism by Natural Polyphenolic Antioxidants

12 citations , June 2024 in “Nutrients”

In this review, researchers highlighted that natural polyphenolics like flavonoids and resveratrol may help enhance testosterone production in aging males by boosting the expression of the Star gene in Leydig cells, potentially preventing age-related degenerative conditions linked to testosterone insufficiency.

research Hirsutism in Children: A Comprehensive Review of Etiology, Clinical Evaluation and Contemporary Management

1 citations , December 2025 in “World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences”

This review highlights that pediatric hirsutism, often linked to endocrine, metabolic, genetic, or neoplastic disorders, requires comprehensive evaluation to prevent long-term health issues, integrating advancements in androgen biosynthesis understanding and diagnostic and management strategies.

research Oestrogen functions in skin and skin appendages

68 citations , June 2005 in “Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets”

This review discusses the influence of oestrogens on various skin components and highlights their modulatory roles and receptor pathways, but it reports no new clinical results.

research Hair & Cutaneous Development

January 2012 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

research Alterations in Pattern Baldness According to Sex: Hair Metabolomics Approach

3 citations , March 2021 in “Metabolites”

This study identified distinct differences in metabolic pathways related to pattern baldness, with findings highlighting the androgen metabolic pathway in males and the estrogen plus arachidonic acid pathways in females using hair samples.

research Integrative Analysis of the Metabolome and Transcriptome Reveals the Mechanism Underlying Differences in Skin Development Between the New Zealand Rabbit and the Rex Rabbit

September 2026 in “Animals”

This study found that Rex rabbits had significantly shorter fibre length and thinner fur compared to New Zealand White rabbits, and identified a gene-metabolite network that may influence fur quality and development.

research Endocrine Functions of the Testes

3 citations , November 2021 in “IntechOpen eBooks”

This chapter reviews the role of the testes in producing and functioning of testicular androgens and protein hormones, but it presents no new clinical results.

research 17b-Estradiol is Abundant in Skin and Regulates the Hair Follicle Cycle and Mirex Tumor Promotion

January 2002 in “NCSU Libraries Repository (North Carolina State University Libraries)”

This study found that skin is a significant site for estrogen production in mice, impacting both hair cycle regulation and sensitivity to chemical carcinogenesis.

research Temporal expression and steroidal regulation of piRNA pathway genes (mael, piwi, vasa) during Silurana (Xenopus) tropicalis embryogenesis and early larval development

23 citations , April 2010 in “Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C Toxicology & Pharmacology”

This study found that exposure to sex steroid biosynthesis inhibitors increases the expression of piRNA pathway genes in frog larvae, suggesting these genes play a role in gonadal sex differentiation.

research The hyperandrogenic-insulin-resistant acanthosis nigricans syndrome: therapeutic response

23 citations , March 1994 in “Fertility and sterility”

This study found that oral contraceptives effectively suppressed hyperandrogenemia in most patients with hyperandrogenic-insulin-resistant acanthosis nigricans syndrome, though GnRH-a therapy was beneficial for those not responding initially.

research The profile of steroid hormones in human fetal and adult ovaries

11 citations , May 2024 in “Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology”

In this study, researchers found that human ovaries at different life stages biosynthesize both canonical and non-canonical steroid hormones, with fetal ovaries showing higher enzyme activity related to estradiol and testosterone conversion compared to adult tissues.

research Functional characterization of soybean strigolactone biosynthesis and signaling genes in Arabidopsis MAX mutants and GmMAX3 in soybean nodulation

43 citations , December 2017 in “BMC Plant Biology”

This study found that strigolactone biosynthesis and signaling components in soybean may interact with other hormone pathways, influencing soybean development and nodulation.

research Testosterone: The Male Sex Hormone

May 2023 in “IntechOpen eBooks”

This review outlines the role of testosterone in male sexual development and its therapeutic use for male hypogonadism, covering its biosynthesis, secretion, metabolism, and various biological actions, but does not report specific study results.

research Synthesis of mimics of steroid A ring as potential enzyme inhibitors

September 2002 in “Research Repository (Kingston University London)”

This review discusses strategies for treating hormone-dependent prostate diseases and synthesizes a range of potential 5α-reductase inhibitors, but experimental evaluation of these compounds was not completed.

research Alopecia and autoimmune thyroiditis: the role of selenium and zinc

January 2026 in “SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología”

In this study, researchers highlight the importance of correcting selenium and zinc deficiencies as part of a comprehensive management strategy for patients with autoimmune thyroiditis complicated by alopecia, as these elements play key roles in thyroid hormone biosynthesis and hair follicle function.

research Defects in Androgen Biosynthesis Causing 46,XY Disorders of Sexual Development

46 citations , October 2012 in “Seminars in reproductive medicine”

This review describes how recent discoveries in genetic defects and alternative pathways in androgen biosynthesis are reshaping our understanding of male sexual differentiation, but it presents no new clinical findings.

research Omega-6 highly unsaturated fatty acids in Leydig cells facilitate male sex hormone production

7 citations , September 2022 in “Communications biology”

This research found that Leydig cells significantly rely on synthesizing omega-6 HUFAs to support male steroid hormone production, highlighting a new role for these fatty acids in the male reproductive system.

research The role of androgens in hormone replacement therapy

6 citations , September 2005 in “Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy”

This review discusses the role of androgens in women's sexual health and highlights the need for further research on androgen replacement therapy to optimize quality of life, but reports no new clinical results.

research Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (17β -HSD3, 17β-HSD5, and 3α-HSD3) Inhibitors:Extragonadal Regulation of Intracellular Sex Steroid Hormone Levels

20 citations , June 2007 in “Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery”

This review summarizes recent research and patents on 17β-HSD3, 17β-HSD5, and 3α-HSD3 inhibitors, suggesting their potential in treating androgen-dependent diseases, but reports no new clinical results.

research The Rise in Adrenal Androgen Biosynthesis: Adrenarche

173 citations , November 2004 in “Seminars in Reproductive Medicine”

This review discusses the physiological process of adrenarche, its impact on behavior and skeletal maturation, and its variability across sex and race, but reports no new clinical results.

research INTERACTION OF α-MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING HORMONE, MELATONIN, CYCLIC AMP AND CYCLIC GMP IN THE CONTROL OF MELANOGENESIS IN HAIR FOLLICLE MELANOCYTES IN VITRO

53 citations , July 1981 in “Journal of Endocrinology”

In this study, α-MSH and cyclic AMP were found to stimulate melanogenesis in hair follicle cultures, while cyclic GMP and melatonin inhibited melanin production but not tyrosinase activity.

research In-silico screening of potential anti-androgenic and anti-estrogenic phytocompounds from Saraca asoca for polycystic ovary syndrome treatment

January 2024 in “Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science”

This study identified procyanidin B2 and leucopelargonidin from Saraca asoca as potential inhibitors in PCOS by showing high binding energy scores against key enzymes involved in estrogen and testosterone biosynthesis.