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This review covers the neuroendocrine aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome, focusing on hormones and neurotransmitters like GnRH and kisspeptin, but does not report new clinical findings.

This article reviews various causes and diagnostic approaches to delayed puberty in boys and girls and does not report any new clinical findings; it emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between different underlying conditions.

This article reviews congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a group of rare genetic disorders affecting steroid synthesis, and highlights the need for specific therapy and ongoing monitoring, but reports no new clinical findings.

This chapter reviews the role of the testes in producing and functioning of testicular androgens and protein hormones, but it presents no new clinical results.

This case study describes a testosterone-secreting adrenal adenoma in a 55-year-old woman, highlighting the presence of Reinke's crystalloids, suggesting that Leydig cells may play a role in such tumors.

This study observed that vellus hairs and empty spaces are present in prepubertal children's scalps, but they likely do not indicate androgenetic alopecia, suggesting a natural 'true resting' phase of scalp hair.

This study suggests that early onset androgenetic alopecia in men may indicate a male PCOS equivalent, possibly leading to higher risks of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders later in life.

The document concludes that sex hormones are crucial for mammalian reproduction, health, and behavior, and require more research for therapeutic use.

This study found that Turner’s syndrome is associated with significant bone mass decrease due to estrogen deficiency, which can be improved with estrogen therapy, while bone issues in Klinefelter’s syndrome may benefit from early androgen therapy and possibly bisphosphonates.

This review discusses the molecular mechanisms of masculinization involving androgen signaling and their roles in male embryonic development and conditions like hypospadias and prostate cancer, and reports no clinical results.

This case report details the investigation and management of a 3-year-old girl with precocious pseudopuberty due to a Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor, highlighting the importance of early recognition and accurate diagnosis for effective treatment and prognosis.

This hypothesis paper suggests that PCOS may result from genetically determined ovarian hypersecretion of androgens, influencing hormone regulation and insulin resistance, with obesity further affecting its severity; no new clinical results are reported.

Finasteride affects male rat genitalia development, causing abnormalities during specific pregnancy days.

This study found that gonadal dysfunction is very common in premenopausal women with acromegaly and may be caused by hyperprolactinemia, GH/IGF-I excess, or tumor effects.

Finasteride reduces hair loss and treats BPH without major hormone changes, but may cause sexual dysfunction.

This study found a significant association between patients' sex of rearing and external genitalia in those with gonadal dysgenesis, while noting lower testosterone levels compared to controls.

This review discusses the etiology of polycystic ovary syndrome, emphasizing the role of genetic and environmental factors, and reports no new experimental findings.

In this study, several compounds, including estrogen and Dutasteride, showed neuroprotective effects on dopaminergic neurons in an MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease.

This study found that untreated men with coeliac disease exhibited androgen resistance, potentially linked to sexual dysfunction, which improved as intestinal health improved, a pattern not observed in other chronic illnesses.

These drugs cause hair growth without affecting testosterone or adrenal hormones.

This case report describes a 13-year-old with DSD raised as female, exhibiting hoarseness and clitoral enlargement, with hormonal assessments not indicating common related deficiencies.

This review discusses three aspects of cell fate specification across Metazoa and reports no new experimental results, highlighting the formation of nematode equivalence groups, evolution of echinoderm skeletogenic mesoderm, and adult cell fate regulation.

In this study of Danioninae species, researchers reported that the presence of breeding tubercles on the pectoral fins is conserved in certain species and linked to local androgen conversion, with steroid 5-α-reductase playing a crucial role in their development.

In this study, transgenic male mice over-expressing the androgen receptor in mesenchymal stem cells showed reduced fat mass and improved glucose clearance, suggesting enhanced androgen sensitivity may alter body composition.

Sex hormones affect reproduction, sexual development, and oral health, and it's important for dental practitioners to understand their effects and interactions.

In this experimental study, researchers developed and optimized metformin-loaded mucoadhesive microspheres for sustained anti-hyperglycemic and anticancer activity, demonstrating high entrapment efficiency, enhanced α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition, improved cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells, and promising stability.

This study suggests that in gilthead seabream, DHT is involved in the onset of the meiotic phase of spermatogenesis and influences serum levels of E2 through regulation of aromatase activity.

The researchers reported that during early embryogenesis and larval development in Silurana tropicalis, inhibiting steroidogenic enzymes cyp19 and srd5beta affects genes related to thyroid and reproductive systems.

This study found that finasteride treatment in male rats may lead to changes in connexin 43 expression in the testes of their offspring, potentially affecting spermatogenesis.

This study observed that tributyltin pollution induces imposex, reduces reproductive success, and leads to population decline in Ocinebrina aciculata, highlighting its sensitivity compared to other prosobranch species.