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This research found that the widely used herbicide atrazine may alter Northern leopard frog development, affecting metamorphosis success, sex ratio, and hormone-related gene expression.

Finasteride negatively affects fish reproduction and gonadal development.

This study found that exposure to sex steroid biosynthesis inhibitors increases the expression of piRNA pathway genes in frog larvae, suggesting these genes play a role in gonadal sex differentiation.

Coconut oil boosts testosterone but doesn't fully trigger reproductive maturity in pufferfish.

This study reports that prenatal and prepubertal exposure to organochlorine compounds and perfluoroalkyl substances may affect pubertal development at age 12, with observed changes in development patterns in both girls and boys, highlighting the need for further research.

This abstract provides template specifications for design materials but reports no new research findings.

This case report describes an extremely rare instance of seminoma in an adult with SRY-negative 46,XX testicular disorder of sex development, uniquely presenting as acute abdomen due to gonadal torsion.

This article reviews the physiological changes underlying normal pubertal milestones and emphasizes the importance of understanding these changes to assess pubertal abnormalities, without reporting new clinical findings.

This review examined genetic factors in 46, XY differences/disorders of sex development and found that whole-exome sequencing is more effective than panel sequencing for molecular diagnosis. It identified regional genetic variation and emphasized next-generation sequencing's role in detecting variants related to gonadal and androgen-related genes.

This review explores disorders of sex development, emphasizing the need for a systematic, multidisciplinary approach and the benefits of genetic testing for better diagnosis and gender assignment planning, but it reports no new clinical findings.

This article discusses the teratogenic risks of skin condition treatments for individuals with DSD and notes that testosterone replacement, often used in this population, may cause acne.

This study found that chronic exposure to fadrozole or finasteride during frog development induced intersex individuals, which displayed different gene expression profiles depending on the chemical used.

This study found that exposure to certain pesticides may be associated with delayed sexual maturation in adolescent males.

This article discusses the role of growth hormone, insulin, and IGF-1 in acne development and highlights how diet and syndromic evidence support their involvement, but presents no new clinical findings.

This review examines the skin manifestations of various endocrine disorders, highlighting their underlying pathophysiology and impact on an individual's health and quality of life, without reporting new research findings.

This review discusses the early developmental origin of premature adrenarche and polycystic ovary syndrome and highlights potential utero-based mechanisms, reporting no new clinical findings.

This article reviews the normal and delayed maturation of the HPG axis and pubertal development in boys and girls, emphasizing clinical aspects of diagnosing and managing delayed puberty, but it reports no new clinical findings.

This review discusses the structure and function of the testes in male reproduction and development, noting the complex hormonal regulation within the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis but reports no new clinical results.

This review discusses sex differences in the neuroendocrine response to stress, focusing primarily on rodent studies, and highlights open questions about the roles of gonadal hormones and sex chromosomes.

This case report describes a rare instance of a Chinese Crested dog with leukocyte chimerism, normal female external genitalia, and hormonally active Sertoli cell tumors, demonstrating surgery as a curative treatment option.

This review discusses the role of microglia in mediating prenatal androgen effects on the female brain, potentially contributing to PCOS development and neuroendocrine dysfunctions, but reports no new results.

This article reviews the coordination of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, male fertility, and therapies for hypogonadism, but reports no new clinical findings.

This article reviews differential diagnosis approaches for 46,XY DSD, proposing a diagnostic algorithm focused on biochemical and genetic data, without presenting new clinical results.

This study found that sex differences in somatostatin biosynthesis in rat hypothalamic neurons develop between postnatal day 1 and 5, influenced by the conversion of testosterone to estrogen.

This review explores the structural and functional sex differences in mammals beyond reproductive organs, highlighting variations in life expectancy, organ size, metabolism, and immune function, but it reports no new results.

In this animal study, rats given high doses of ethynylestradiol showed dose-related estrogenic effects, delayed tumor onset in females, and no overall increase in tumor incidence compared to controls.

This study found that feeding norethindrone acetate to albino rats over two years caused various dose-related health effects, such as growth retardation and liver changes, but did not increase overall tumor incidence.

This review summarizes how common polymorphisms in androgen and estrogen receptor genes may influence aging-related symptoms and diseases in men, but it reports no new clinical results.

This study reviews the roles of sex steroid hormones, like estrogens, progestins, and testosterone, in influencing reproductive health and overall well-being, highlighting their impact on conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome and hypogonadism through their regulation by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.

This review discusses the pathways of androgen biosynthesis and reports no new findings, highlighting the need to understand the interplay between the classic and backdoor pathways.