23 citations
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June 2014 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” This study reported that the treatment of hair with glyoxylic acid straighteners causes major conformational changes within the hair fiber due to interactions between carbonyl and keratin components.
July 2026 in “Journal of the Kenya National Commission for UNESCO” In this study, commercial synthetic braiding hair samples from Kenya were analyzed, revealing that while no Ammonium Thioglycolate was detected, significant formaldehyde contamination was present, with varying concentrations throughout the hair strands, potentially impacting consumer safety.
15 citations
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July 2002 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology” In this case report, two plywood mill workers developed allergic contact dermatitis due to exposure to uncured phenol-formaldehyde resin, not sawdust as initially suspected.
13 citations
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September 2020 in “Sensors” This study used melamine formaldehyde particles to measure a pH gradient along the hair shaft, showing a significant pH decrease from the hair sheath to the external shaft.
11 citations
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January 1987 in “Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture” In this study, Australian cashmere goats receiving protein supplements maintained their weight and showed increased fleece growth, though cashmere growth was largely unaffected.
1 citations
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January 2017 in “Clinical approaches and procedures in cosmetic dermatology” This chapter reviews the anatomy and structure of hair, discusses hair damage and analyses, and explores methods for processing hair changes, but presents no new research findings.
January 2017 in “Clinical approaches and procedures in cosmetic dermatology” This chapter reviews hair anatomy, hair shaft structure, and various cosmetic treatments that can alter or damage hair, but it presents no new research findings.
73 citations
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October 2013 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” This review examines the chemical composition and potential health risks of hair straighteners, but it reports no new findings and emphasizes the importance of understanding hair fibre structure for safe use.
43 citations
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January 2013 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology” This article reviews innovations in hair cosmetics, focusing on esthetic procedures and products in the Indian market, and reports no new experimental findings.
40 citations
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June 2013 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” This review discusses the widespread use of Brazilian keratin treatments and notes that many contain formaldehyde, marketed as safe despite potential safety concerns, but reports no new clinical results.
15 citations
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March 1996 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” The book "Practical Contact Dermatitis" is useful for dermatologists but could be more user-friendly.
14 citations
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January 2015 in “Skin Appendage Disorders” This study examined severe skin reactions, including erythema and eczema-like lesions, associated with Brazilian keratin treatment, suggesting a drug reaction phenomenon rather than solely irritant or allergic origin.
13 citations
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March 2017 in “Skin Research and Technology” In this study, formaldehyde hair straighteners significantly damaged curly hair by reducing break stress and break extension, while glyoxylic acid had a milder effect; both treatments increased shear modulus and decreased water sorption.
10 citations
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December 2020 in “Dermatitis” This study identifies important differences in allergens found in hair products marketed for ethnic hair compared to nonethnic hair, with fragrances being the most common allergen in ethnic products.
4 citations
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January 2021 in “Skin appendage disorders” This review discusses hair straightening techniques, products, and safety risks, providing guidance for dermatologists to advise patients effectively; it reports no new clinical results.
2 citations
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May 2022 in “International Journal of Trichology” This study identified 43 patients with psoriasiform skin reactions associated with Brazilian Keratin Treatment, suggesting this adverse effect may be underdiagnosed and important to recognize through clinical and dermatoscopic features.
2 citations
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January 2019 in “Applied clinical research, clinical trials and regulatory affairs” This review discusses the regulations and clinical safety aspects of hair care cosmetics, highlighting the FDA's recommendation to evaluate these products for allergic reactions, avoid contamination, and include antimicrobial agents to ensure consumer safety, with ongoing monitoring through consumer feedback.
1 citations
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October 2021 in “Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery/Indian journal of plastic surgery” This study highlights that improving medical professionals' knowledge of hair cosmetics can enhance patient adherence to alopecia treatments and reduce health risks from incorrect use of hair products.
July 2026 in “International Journal of Herbal Medicine” In this study, Shikakai and Reetha, natural hair cleaning agents, were compared to chemical shampoos and found to be equally effective in cleaning hair, non-irritating to the scalp, biodegradable, inexpensive, and easy to use.
March 2025 in “The Open Dermatology Journal” This article highlights that trichorrhexis nodosa, a common type of hair breakage, is influenced by factors like heat styling and chemical treatments, with potential FDA action on formaldehyde usage in hair products potentially altering its treatment approach.
November 2024 in “Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry” This abstract discusses ayurvedic herbal shampoos containing ingredients like amla and aloe vera, noting that they aim to clean hair and scalp without adverse effects, contrasting with chemical shampoos that can also cause damage.
This review discusses the potential risks of formaldehyde in hair keratin treatments like Brazilian blow-dry, and reports no new clinical results; it emphasizes the need for greater safety assessments including occupational exposure.
Certain ingredients in personal care products, like formaldehyde, oxidative hair dyes, and sulfates, pose health risks and need careful review.
August 2021 in “International Journal of Research in Dermatology” This article reviews various hair straightening methods, discussing their mechanisms and potential effects on hair, but it reports no new clinical results.
This chapter discusses the chemical changes and possible heat-induced hair damage from thermal straightening, as well as controversies surrounding the safety of keratin straightening treatments, but it reports no new clinical results.
May 2014 in “Hair transplant forum international” This article describes the diagnostic process and rewards of evaluating female hair loss but reports no new clinical findings.
January 2004 in “Side effects of drugs annual” Certain skin drugs and topical agents, including some natural extracts and fragrances, can cause allergic reactions. Some hair dyes and extensions, as well as minoxidil, a hair growth treatment, can also cause allergies. Botulinum toxin A can effectively reduce sweat but may have temporary side effects.
July 2002 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology” Maintaining anticoagulation is crucial for patients with antiphospholipid syndrome.
1 citations
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November 1975 in “PubMed” This study found that gelatin-resorcinol-formaldehyde caused peritoneal lesions and hair loss in rats and mice, indicating it is unsuitable for tubal occlusion and emphasizing the need for testing in multiple species before using compounds in humans.
January 1993 in “Side effects of drugs annual” This chapter covers various dermatological drugs, cosmetics, and topical agents, focusing on the properties and uses of propolis, but does not present new clinical findings.