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Glossary Forkhead box P3

protein essential for regulatory T cell function and immune balance

Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) is a protein crucial for the normal function of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which help maintain immune system balance and prevent autoimmune diseases. Mutations in the Foxp3 gene can lead to severe autoimmune conditions, such as IPEX syndrome (Immune dysregulation, Polyendocrinopathy, Enteropathy, X-linked syndrome).

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research Case Series: Gene Expression Analysis in Canine Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada/Uveodermatologic Syndrome and Vitiligo Reveals Conserved Immunopathogenesis Pathways Between Dog and Human Autoimmune Pigmentary Disorders

20 citations , December 2020 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

This study found that certain T cell-associated genes were upregulated in dogs with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome and vitiligo, suggesting a shared immunopathogenesis with humans.

research Factors regulating quiescent stem cells: insights from the intestine and other self-renewing tissues

8 citations , December 2015 in “The Journal of Physiology”

This review examines regulatory mechanisms of quiescent stem cells in tissue homeostasis, drawing on observations from the intestine and other self-renewing tissues, without presenting new data.

research Consequences of steroid-5α-reductase deficiency and inhibition in vertebrates

21 citations , January 2020 in “General and Comparative Endocrinology”

This review examines the diverse roles of SRD5α enzymes across species, focusing on their involvement in steroid synthesis, sexual development, and various physiological processes, but reports no new clinical results.

research Regulatory T Cells: the Many Faces of Foxp3

125 citations , September 2019 in “Journal of Clinical Immunology”

This review summarizes recent advances in Treg cell biology, focusing on Foxp3's role in immune regulation and therapeutic reprogramming for immune dysregulatory disorders, but reports no new clinical results.

research Candidate genes of SARS-CoV-2 gender susceptibility

27 citations , November 2021 in “Scientific Reports”

This study used bioinformatics to explore molecular differences in testicular and ovarian responses to SARS-CoV-2, identifying genes that could be associated with sex differences in infection outcomes.

research Mechanisms of tolerance and potential therapeutic interventions in Alopecia Areata

12 citations , May 2017 in “Pharmacology & therapeutics”

This review discusses the mechanisms underlying immune tolerance failure in alopecia areata and highlights potential therapeutic avenues for restoring hair growth and achieving sustained remission, but reports no new clinical results.

research Tregs: Where We Are and What Comes Next?

130 citations , November 2017 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

This review explores recent findings on regulatory T cells, focusing on their unique functions in non-lymphoid tissues and new mechanisms of action, but presents no original clinical results.

research Tissue resident and follicular Treg cell differentiation is regulated by CRAC channels

40 citations , March 2019 in “Nature Communications”

This study found that deleting Stim1 and Stim2 in mature T regulatory cells disrupts Ca 2+ signaling, preventing their differentiation and leading to severe autoimmune disorders in mice.

research Human FOXN1-Deficiency Is Associated with αβ Double-Negative and FoxP3+ T-Cell Expansions That Are Distinctly Modulated upon Thymic Transplantation

32 citations , May 2012 in “PloS one”

This study found that despite the persistence of aberrant double-negative T-cells, functional immune-competence was maintained after thymic transplantation in a patient with a rare FOXN1 mutation.

research Autoimmune thyroid disease and human health: a systematic review of Mendelian randomization studies

4 citations , December 2025 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

This systematic review of Mendelian randomization studies reports that autoimmune thyroid disease is associated with increased risk for numerous health conditions, including coronary atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis, while decreasing risks for others, such as lung cancer.

research Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in tissue injury: roles in pathology and therapeutic opportunities for regeneration

94 citations , June 2016 in “The FASEB Journal”

This review discusses the dual role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in mammalian tissue injury, highlighting its potential for both promoting regeneration and contributing to fibrosis, but presents no new findings.

research Expanding the Nude SCID/CID Phenotype Associated with FOXN1 Homozygous, Compound Heterozygous, or Heterozygous Mutations

30 citations , January 2021 in “Journal of Clinical Immunology”

This study describes various clinical phenotypes associated with FOXN1 mutations, finding that affected individuals may develop different severities of immunodeficiency based on their genetic mutations.

research Exploring pericyte and cardiac stem cell secretome unveils new tactics for drug discovery

26 citations , December 2016 in “Pharmacology & Therapeutics”

This review discusses the paracrine properties of cardiac stem cells and pericytes in regenerative medicine for ischaemic diseases and reports no new clinical results.

research Knockdown of FOXA2 Impairs Hair-Inductive Activity of Cultured Human Follicular Keratinocytes

5 citations , October 2020 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology”

This study found that the trichogenicity of cultured human outer root sheath follicular keratinocytes decreased with longer cultivation periods and was significantly influenced by the expression of the transcription factor FOXA2.

research Molecular mechanisms of viral oncogenesis in humans

141 citations , August 2018 in “Nature Reviews Microbiology”

This review discusses the molecular mechanisms by which oncogenic viruses contribute to cancer development through manipulation of host cellular functions and highlights the need for further research into virus-associated cancers, reporting no new results.

research Small molecules and small molecule drugs in regenerative medicine

51 citations , November 2013 in “Drug Discovery Today”

This review discusses the potential applications and challenges of small molecules in regenerative medicine, but it reports no new research findings.

research Clinical perspectives on the age-related increase of immunosuppressive activity

55 citations , April 2022 in “Journal of Molecular Medicine”

This review discusses the relationship between aging, chronic inflammation, and immunosuppression, suggesting that these interconnected processes may contribute to tumorigenesis and premature aging, but reports no new experimental results.

research Role of genetics and sex steroid hormones in male androgenetic alopecia and female pattern hair loss: An update of what we now know

87 citations , March 2011 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology”

This review explores the current understanding of genetic and hormonal influences on male androgenetic alopecia and female pattern hair loss, providing guidance for clinicians but reports no new results.

research A position effect on TRPS1 is associated with Ambras syndrome in humans and the Koala phenotype in mice

60 citations , August 2008 in “Human molecular genetics online/Human molecular genetics”

This study suggests that a position effect disrupting TRPS1 expression may be linked to hypertrichosis in both Ambras syndrome in humans and a similar phenotype in Koa mice.

research Regulatory T-Cells: Potential Regulator of Tissue Repair and Regeneration

188 citations , March 2018 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

This review discusses the role of regulatory T-cells in tissue repair and regeneration across various organs and reports no new clinical results.

research Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells: Regenerative Potency in Periodontium

138 citations , June 2019 in “Stem Cells and Development”

This review explores the potential of periodontal ligament stem cells for regenerative therapy in periodontium, despite challenges due to their rarity, and reports no clinical results.

research Foxp3 Post-translational Modifications and Treg Suppressive Activity

82 citations , October 2019 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

This review discusses the features of regulatory T cells and the modulation of Foxp3, emphasizing post-translational modifications' impact on Treg function but reports no new clinical results.

research T helper 17 cell/regulatory T-cell imbalance in hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa: the link to hair follicle dissection, obesity, smoking and autoimmune comorbidities

66 citations , March 2018 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

This article reviews the role of perifollicular regulatory T cells in maintaining hair follicle integrity in the context of hidradenitis suppurativa and calls attention to inflammatory mechanisms without reporting new clinical results.

research An Assessment on Impact of COVID-19 Infection in a Gender Specific Manner

59 citations , October 2020 in “Stem Cell Reviews and Reports”

This review discusses potential mechanisms contributing to higher COVID-19 mortality among men, particularly the roles of smoking, genetic factors, and reproductive hormones, without presenting new clinical findings.

research The Effects of Androgens on T Cells: Clues to Female Predominance in Autoimmune Liver Diseases?

34 citations , July 2020 in “Frontiers in immunology”

This mini-review discusses the role of androgens, specifically testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, in the pathogenesis of autoimmune liver diseases and reports no new results.

research An Intrinsic Oscillation of Gene Networks Inside Hair Follicle Stem Cells: An Additional Layer That Can Modulate Hair Stem Cell Activities

23 citations , December 2020 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology”

This review explores recent insights into how intrinsic gene oscillations and molecular interactions in hair follicle stem cells contribute to their regenerative potential, with potential implications for regenerative medicine, but reports no new clinical results.

research Locally Delivered Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Reduce Chronic Inflammation in Long-Term Nonhealing Wounds: A Randomized Study

14 citations , February 2020 in “Stem Cells International”

This study reported that a single local subcutaneous infusion of mesenchymal stromal cells from the human umbilical cord promoted wound healing, improved blood circulation, and reduced wound size in patients with chronic wounds without significant adverse effects over one year.

research T-Regulating Hair Follicle Stem Cells

14 citations , June 2017 in “Immunity”

This study found that skin-resident Treg cells regulate hair follicle stem cell proliferation and differentiation through the Jag1-Notch signaling pathway, influencing hair regeneration.

research Exploring the therapeutic potential of different sources of mesenchymal stem cells: a novel approach to combat burn wound infections

13 citations , November 2024 in “Frontiers in Microbiology”

This review assessed the potential of mesenchymal stem cell therapy to enhance burn wound healing, highlighting its capabilities in promoting angiogenesis, reducing inflammation, and regenerating damaged tissues, while identifying preclinical and clinical challenges that need addressing to optimize treatment outcomes.

research The Role of Topical Vitamin D in Vitiligo: A Narrative Literature Review

2 citations , September 2022 in “Bioscientia medicina”

This literature review highlights the effectiveness of topical vitamin D (e.g., calcipotriol, calcitriol) in treating vitiligo, emphasizing its role in melanogenesis and as an immunomodulator, either alone or combined with topical corticosteroids, offering minimal side effects.