January 2025 in “ARC Journal of Dermatology” This study discusses the importance of careful dermatological care for transgender youth receiving hormonal therapies, cautioning that acne treatments can interfere with hormone replacement therapy and emphasizing the need for a collaborative interdisciplinary approach to support both acne management and overall well-being.
4 citations
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January 2022 in “Journal of Menopausal Medicine” This review discusses gender-affirming hormone therapies in South Korea, detailing the available treatment regimens and associated side effects, but reports no new clinical findings.
32 citations
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September 2018 in “Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology” This article states that hormone therapy with estrogens and antiandrogens for transgender females is within an obstetrician-gynecologist's practice scope and involves careful dosing and monitoring to manage short-term thrombotic risks.
5 citations
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March 2019 in “Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America” In this article, the authors reviewed essential terminology and recommendations for creating a welcoming healthcare environment for transgender patients and providing gender-affirming therapy, emphasizing the unique health needs and disparities faced by this population.
In this study, bicalutamide at low doses was not linked to significant liver enzyme changes compared to other androgen-blocking treatments in transfeminine adolescents and young adults, suggesting its safety with careful monitoring for this population over one year.
26 citations
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February 2009 in “Drug Development Research” This article reviews the potential neuroprotective effects of 17α‐estradiol in neurodegenerative diseases and highlights its possibly lower toxicity compared to more feminizing hormones, but it reports no new clinical findings.
210 citations
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November 2015 in “The Lancet HIV” This study observed that while PrEP was effective among transgender women if taken, adherence was low, especially among those at higher risk.
97 citations
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November 1986 in “Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” This review discusses the pharmacological properties and clinical applications of cyproterone acetate and similar antiandrogens, noting previous failures in local applications due to concentration limitations; it reports no new empirical results.
July 2025 in “Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism” This source provides a comprehensive guideline for the management of transgender individuals in India, highlighting the need for multidisciplinary diagnosis, counseling for gender-affirming hormone therapy, and the importance of addressing social stigma, legal issues, and medical training to improve healthcare access for this population.
24 citations
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December 2016 in “Psychiatric Clinics of North America” This review discusses hormonal and surgical gender-affirming interventions for transfeminine individuals, noting improvements in quality of life and mental health with minimal adverse effects, but reports no new research findings.
5 citations
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September 2021 in “Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine” The guideline provides healthcare professionals in South Africa with instructions for comprehensive, multidisciplinary gender-affirming care, including HIV prevention and treatment for transgender and gender diverse individuals.
36 citations
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May 2017 in “The journal of sexual medicine” In this retrospective study, cyproterone acetate treatment in late-pubertal trans-girls was found to be generally safe and led to mild feminizing effects, with more rapid feminization occurring when combined with estrogens.
15 citations
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February 2019 in “Internal Medicine Journal” This study found that experienced Australian prescribers of hormone therapy for transgender adults often follow international guidelines but highlight the need for better training and specific local guidelines.
18 citations
,
June 2010 in “Current medicinal chemistry” This review discusses current treatment options for hirsutism, emphasizing the importance of combining therapies for better outcomes, but reports no new clinical findings.
1 citations
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July 2024 in “Journal of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery” In this study, older age was found to predict lateral hairline recession in TGNB AMAB individuals, while each year of feminizing hormone therapy in patients over 30 also predicted a decrease in lateral forehead length by 0.07 cm.
10 citations
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May 2009 in “Sexual and Relationship Therapy” This review summarizes existing clinical guidelines for hormonal therapy in gender dysphoria, observing similarities in international practices and emphasizing the need for more evidence-based research, particularly on GnRH agonists for both trans women and men.
7 citations
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January 1994 in “Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry” This review discusses hormonal manipulation for conditions like prostatic disorders and skin issues and highlights promising treatments like casodex and finasteride, but it reports no new clinical results.
10 citations
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January 2017 in “Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy” This review discusses the clinical features and treatment options for adult acne, highlighting the need for tailored management in specific populations, but reports no new findings.
July 2017 in “Contemporary Endocrinology” This article discusses the ongoing care needs for individuals with 21-hydroxylase deficiency due to mutations in the CYP21A2 gene but does not present new clinical findings.
88 citations
,
September 2003 in “Clinical endocrinology” This review discusses the diagnosis, management, and hormone treatment of transsexual individuals, and examines the risks and effects of cross-sex hormone therapy without presenting new clinical results.
2 citations
,
July 2024 in “International Journal of Transgender Health” This study reviewed literature on dermatological changes in transgender and gender diverse individuals during gender affirming medical transition, identifying risks like acne and hypertrophic scars, and provided tailored care recommendations for health professionals.
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May 2024 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology” This study assessed the psychosocial impact and disease burden of alopecia areata among adolescents and adults in Australia, finding substantial impacts on physical, emotional, and quality of life overall, with greater disease burden in patients experiencing more extensive hair loss.
November 2023 in “Australasian journal of dermatology” This review highlights the dermatological needs of transgender and gender diverse individuals in Australia, emphasizing the role of dermatologists in managing skin and hair conditions related to gender affirmation and hormone therapy.
146 citations
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December 2016 in “Translational Andrology and Urology” This review discusses the creation of transgender-specific guidelines by WPATH and the Endocrine Society, based mostly on clinical experience, and reports no new results.
February 2024 in “Hormones” This study surveyed individuals seeking estrogen-based gender-affirming hormone therapy, revealing that improving life satisfaction and femininity are top treatment goals, and highlighting the need for trials aligned with community priorities.
April 2019 in “Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America” Inclusive and affirming healthcare is essential for improving transgender individuals' quality of life and health.
855 citations
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June 2009 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.
166 citations
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October 2018 in “Endocrine Reviews” This review discusses the effects of hormonal treatments on the physical and mental health of transgender individuals, reporting significant reductions in mental health issues following treatment, but calls for more research on long-term and nonbinary outcomes.
50 citations
,
May 2020 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine” This review highlights the need for tailored hormonal treatment strategies for non-binary transgender individuals, emphasizing personalized care to enhance psychological well-being and quality of life.
34 citations
,
November 2017 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” This report describes a case of meningioma in a transwoman treated long-term with estradiol and cyproterone acetate, suggesting possible concern over female sex steroids and meningioma risk.