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A 4-year-old girl with hair loss was diagnosed with early-onset trichotillomania and improved with behavioral interventions.

Hirsute women have lower type 2 17β-HSD enzyme levels, which improve with treatment.

PCOS affects women's health by increasing the risk of diabetes, heart disease, and reproductive issues.

Microspheres about 1.5 micrometers in size can best penetrate hair follicles, potentially reaching important stem cells.

The document concludes that identifying the cause of amenorrhea is crucial for proper treatment.

Amenorrhea, or the absence of periods, should be evaluated by age 15 or within five years of early breast development, and is most commonly caused by conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome and hypothalamic amenorrhea.

Dermoscopy is useful for diagnosing various skin, hair, and nail disorders and can reduce the need for biopsies.

Amenorrhea is when a woman doesn't have periods, with primary amenorrhea starting by age 15 or within five years of breast development, and secondary amenorrhea when periods stop for three months. It affects 3-4% of women not pregnant, breastfeeding, or in menopause, mainly due to polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothalamic amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, and ovarian failure.

Animal models, especially mice, are essential for advancing hair loss research and treatment.

Testosterone may slow down wound healing and increase inflammation.

Most dogs with alopecia had higher than normal levels of certain hormones, but hair loss might not always be linked to these hormone changes.

Estrogen replacement can improve skin health in menopausal women but doesn't reverse sun damage or prevent hair loss.

Androgen receptors are key for development and health, affecting conditions like prostate cancer and male pattern baldness.

Chemotherapy-induced hair loss significantly affects patients' well-being, and nurses are key in helping them cope, but more research is needed to find effective treatments.

The document concludes that specialized hair transplant techniques can be effective, with varying success rates depending on the donor area and patient factors.

Long-term testosterone therapy can cause hormone suppression, affect prostate and heart health, and alter physical characteristics, but does not increase prostate cancer risk and needs more research for full risk assessment.

PCOS affects a similar percentage of Black and White women in the Southeastern United States.

Siblings with signs of virilization should be tested for non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia, which does not affect adult height but may impact fertility and well-being if untreated.

Cyproterone acetate is the preferred treatment for women's hyperandrogenism when estrogen/progestogen use is safe.

Antiandrogens have important biological effects, but more research is needed to understand them fully and compare their effectiveness and side effects to other treatments.

Androgens increase a growth factor in hair cells by creating reactive oxygen species, and antioxidants might help treat hair loss.

Testosterone replacement therapy improves libido, mood, muscle strength, and bone density in men with Testosterone Deficiency Syndrome.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is common but often undiagnosed, and early treatment is important to prevent health problems.

A teenage girl had both a rare ovarian tumor and a severe form of polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Finasteride shows promise for treating hair loss and excessive hair growth, but more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness and safety.

Scalp hypothermia can prevent chemotherapy-induced hair loss but is not suitable for all patients, and more research is needed to improve prevention methods.

Hair analysis can detect cocaine use but doesn't accurately show the amount or timing of use.

Insulin resistance is a key factor in polycystic ovary syndrome, but genetics may also contribute.

Eating a balanced diet with the right vitamins and minerals is important for healthy hair, but too many supplements can be harmful.

To diagnose hair loss, use a systematic approach including history, exams, and tests.