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This study found that estradiol and other sex steroids reduced the capture of monocytes by human endothelial cells in vitro, potentially inhibiting the formation of atherosclerosis by promoting nCAM polysialylation, which interferes with leukocyte tethering to the vascular endothelium.

This study observed that estrogen receptor content was lower in white hair compared to black hair, with the lowest levels recorded in male white hair among participants aged 50-56.

This case report describes a postmenopausal woman who experienced facial erythema, acne, and hirsutism due to excess androgen and estrogen levels.

In this study, researchers observed that estrogen and its receptors play a crucial role in hair growth and control, with notable sex-dependent differences in human scalp hair follicles.

This article discusses the impact of estrogens on hair follicle growth in female pattern hair loss, noting their ability to increase anagen phase and suppress telogen phase, but reports no new clinical results.

This study found that 17-beta-estradiol inhibits hair growth in mice by blocking hair follicles in the telogen phase, whereas an estrogen receptor antagonist promotes hair growth by initiating anagen.

This study found that all four treatments—flutamide, finasteride, ketoconazole, and EE-CPA—significantly reduced hirsutism, but EE-CPA and flutamide appeared most effective, with varying effects on androgen levels and side-effect profiles.

This study found that treatment with leuprolide plus cyclic estrogen/progestin may lead to a faster and greater improvement in hirsutism compared to a standard oral contraceptive regimen.

Estrogen receptor α controls hair growth cycles and skin thickness in male mice.

This study found that topical estradiol inhibits hair growth in mice by preventing the hair follicle's transition from resting to growth phase, a process reversible with an estrogen receptor antagonist.

This study found that both cyproterone acetate and spironolactone effectively reduced hair diameter and plasma testosterone levels in hirsute women, with no significant differences between the two treatments.

This study suggests that hormonal receptor activity in skin regions undergoing mechanical stretching may influence extracellular matrix metabolism and the formation of SD, with variations in receptor functionality throughout lesion development stages.

In this study, women with hirsutism and amenorrhea showed lower serum estradiol and sex hormone binding globulin concentrations but higher levels of unbound testosterone compared to normal individuals.

This study found that compound 2g inhibits steroid sulfatase effectively without exhibiting estrogenic activity, making it a promising candidate for breast cancer treatment.

In this animal study, rats given high doses of ethynylestradiol showed dose-related estrogenic effects, delayed tumor onset in females, and no overall increase in tumor incidence compared to controls.

This study found no significant difference in estrogen and progesterone receptor expression between androgenic alopecia and alopecia areata, suggesting an indirect hormonal influence on androgenic alopecia.

In this study, researchers found that oestrogen did not increase adrenal androgen secretion in children with premature adrenarche or in adolescents with gonadal dysgenesis undergoing oestrogen replacement therapy.

This study found that flutamide, finasteride, ketoconazole, and EE-CPA all significantly reduced hirsutism scores, hair diameter, and hair growth rate in women with hirsutism over 12 months.

This study found that sex differences in somatostatin biosynthesis in rat hypothalamic neurons develop between postnatal day 1 and 5, influenced by the conversion of testosterone to estrogen.

This study found that treatment with a GnRH agonist and estrogen and progestin replacement significantly improved hirsutism scores and hair growth rates in women with polycystic ovarian disease.

This meta-analysis found that in postmenopausal women with a history of breast cancer, 8 weeks of vaginal estrogen therapy while on aromatase inhibitors did not result in systemic absorption of sex hormones, suggesting potential safety for treating vulvovaginal atrophy in this context.

β-estradiol slows hair growth in mice.

In this study, certain genetic variations in the ESR1 and ESR2 genes were strongly associated with polycystic ovary syndrome and related metabolic issues in Tunisian women.

This study found that in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells, 17β-estradiol repressed polyamine oxidase transcription by interacting with AP-1 sites on its promoter.

This study did not find any significant effects of estradiol or its antagonists on hair growth in two common mouse strains, challenging previous results reported by Oh and Smart.

This study suggests that estrogen regulates vitamin A metabolism in skin tissues in a sex-dependent manner, which may have implications for treating acne, hair loss, and skin immunity.

In this study, only European-ancestry females showed a linear increase in cutaneous malignant melanoma risk with age, potentially due to the loss of HPV-infected androgenic follicles after menopause.

This review discusses chronic telogen effluvium, focusing on the potential role of hormonal fluctuations and circadian control genes, and reports no new clinical findings.

In this case report, estrogen substitution therapy slightly increased hair volume in a 22-year-old patient with genetic predisposition to hair loss and alopecia caused by past treatment for leukemia, but hair loss returned after stopping the therapy.

This study found that estrogen, through estrogen receptors, can regulate the expression of the HOXC13 gene involved in hair follicle development, with MLL3 histone methylase playing a collaborative role.