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This review discusses the diagnostic challenges of androgen and estrogen-secreting adrenal tumors and highlights that the presence of metastases is the most reliable indicator of malignancy; it reports no new clinical findings.

This review discusses the potential role of vitamin D deficiency in cardiovascular and renal diseases and suggests that supplemental vitamin D could benefit cardiovascular outcomes, especially in African American and postmenopausal women; it reports no new clinical findings.

This study in male mice found that testosterone provides strong protection against skin necrosis after ischemia, working through its estrogenic and androgenic derivatives to enhance skin survival and revascularization, with 17β-estradiol being notably more effective than dihydrotestosterone.

This review summarizes how common polymorphisms in androgen and estrogen receptor genes may influence aging-related symptoms and diseases in men, but it reports no new clinical results.

This review discusses the role of oestrogens in stimulating linear bone growth and pubertal changes in both boys and girls, highlighting their influence on the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor axis; it reports no new clinical results.

This study found that bolandiol increased lean body mass and bone mineral density in castrate adult male rats, exhibiting tissue selectivity and acting through multiple receptor pathways with less potency compared to other androgens.

This study analyzed self-reports from discussion forums to categorize and understand adverse effects experienced by individuals using finasteride, suggesting a need for further investigation into post-finasteride syndrome.

This study observed that estrogen receptor β and androgen receptor expressions in the skin decline with age, more noticeably under sun exposure, suggesting a role in skin aging.

This review highlights the possible impact of side effects from endocrine therapy on quality of life, emphasizing that these can lead to poor adherence and early treatment discontinuation in patients with hormone receptor positive early breast cancer, potentially worsening survival outcomes.

In this study, researchers found that shorter CA repeats in the ERbeta gene are correlated with PSA expression, and PSA immunoexpression is associated with increased disease-free survival in breast cancer.

This study found that specialized nipple epidermis in mice is maintained by the repression of TGFβ signaling through estrogen, which highlights the role of hormonal regulation in epidermal maintenance.

This summary reviews the conflicting reports regarding 17β‐estradiol's effects on hair follicle growth, highlighting potential estrogen receptor-mediated impacts and calling for further research.

This study found that neonatal blocking of androgen and estrogen pathways in rats altered sex-specific expression of estrogen and androgen receptors in adult pituitary and adrenal glands, potentially influencing lifelong neuroendocrine function.

In this study, NGF and minoxidil increased the growth of human hair follicles while 17 beta-E2 inhibited it; NGF also neutralized 17 beta-E2's inhibitory effect.

This study found that androgen receptors were more prevalent in bald areas compared to non-bald areas in individuals with androgenic alopecia, suggesting a link between increased local androgen activity and hair loss.

The researchers reported that individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and nutritional deficiency often exhibit iron and estrogen deficiencies, which may contribute to liver cell stress and fibrosis.

This article discusses the positive effects of estrogens and progestagens on various general diseases, but reports no new clinical results; the mechanisms and treatment approaches are presented.

This review suggests that female and male hair loss patterns differ due to hormonal influences, metabolic factors, and genetic loci, with female pattern hair loss potentially occurring without androgen influence, highlighting the need for distinct clinical management approaches.

This review reports that collagen as a nutraceutical shows promising results for improving skin health in estrogen-deficient women, but more research is needed for scalp hair, nail health, and optimal dosing of curcumin and glutathione.

This study found that Cnidium officinale extract and its compound ferulic acid improved hair growth by promoting dermal papilla cell function and mitochondrial activity, suggesting their potential as a new treatment option for alopecia, possibly through estrogen receptor alpha activation.

Estrogen is not recommended for menopausal hair loss due to insufficient evidence.

This systematic review found that estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women leads to structural and symptomatic changes in genital and cutaneous tissues, with local estrogen therapy providing short-term benefits, while evidence for device-based treatments remains limited and requires larger trials.

This review suggests that while estrogen-targeted therapies may improve skin quality in postmenopausal women, systemic risks limit hormone replacement therapies, and more research is needed for localized treatments.

This study found that a human relevant potency threshold for estrogen receptor alpha agonism may serve as a health-protective screening tool, and highlights inference performance as essential for scientific confidence frameworks.

This study found that early postnatal androgen activity affects the long-term expression of hormone receptors differently in female Wistar rats, influencing neural system programming during development.

This study found that women taking 5α-reductase inhibitors (5aRI) for alopecia had a lower risk of breast cancer compared to those not using these medications, with no increased risk of developing ovarian or endometrial cancer.

This study identified procyanidin B2 and leucopelargonidin from Saraca asoca as potential inhibitors in PCOS by showing high binding energy scores against key enzymes involved in estrogen and testosterone biosynthesis.

This study found that a complex extract of Polygonatum sibiricum and Nelumbinis semen improved menopause symptoms in an ovariectomized rat model by enhancing blood lipid metabolism and reducing osteoporosis, without increasing risks of side effects like endometriosis, unlike conventional hormone-replacement therapy.

In this case study, a woman with high 25(OH)D levels and persistent symptoms showed decreased parathormone after transdermal estrogen therapy, highlighting the importance of assessing both parathormone and estrogen levels in similar patients.