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In this study, older age was found to predict lateral hairline recession in TGNB AMAB individuals, while each year of feminizing hormone therapy in patients over 30 also predicted a decrease in lateral forehead length by 0.07 cm.

This study found that patient-reported outcomes were similar between neoadjuvant endocrine therapy and chemotherapy in premenopausal breast cancer patients, but future perspective was significantly better with endocrine therapy.

In this study, researchers explored whether minoxidil, a common treatment for androgenetic alopecia, may have estrogenic activity and found preliminary evidence suggesting it could act as a partial agonist of Estrogen Receptor α (ERα).

This study found that serum GPER-1 levels may serve as a biomarker for differentiating androgenetic alopecia from telogen effluvium and healthy controls, although its ability to distinguish between AGA and TE is limited.

In this retrospective chart review, researchers observed that estrogen monotherapy effectively suppressed testosterone levels below 50ng/dL in all transfeminine patients studied, particularly those using injectable formulations, though the small sample size and ongoing data collection limit these findings.

In this retrospective study, among transfeminine patients aged 19-81 receiving gender-affirming estrogen therapy, 100% achieved testosterone suppression without anti-androgens when serum estradiol exceeded 100pg/mL, predominantly using injectable estrogen.

This study surveyed individuals seeking estrogen-based gender-affirming hormone therapy, revealing that improving life satisfaction and femininity are top treatment goals, and highlighting the need for trials aligned with community priorities.

This study observed a tendency for patients with frontal fibrosing alopecia to have more androgen receptors in their scalp than healthy controls, though this difference was not statistically significant.

In male mice and rats, this study found that 17α-estradiol improves metabolic health by acting through estrogen receptor α, suggesting a potential target for treating chronic diseases in male mammals.

This study found that blocking androgen receptors in male rats during the perinatal period led to permanently increased estrogen and ER-a expression in the hypothalamus, affecting sexual preference in adulthood.

This study found that estrogen treatment induced premature catagen and apoptosis in hair follicles of wild-type mice, while having no effect on mice lacking estrogen receptor α.

This in vitro study suggests that factors in the serum of PCOS patients may contribute to ovarian dysfunction, evidenced by higher hormone production and primordial follicle survival compared to control sera.

In this study, estradiol was found to increase VEGF expression in cultured dermal papilla cells at physiological levels similar to pregnancy, suggesting that declining estrogen might contribute to female pattern hair loss in older Japanese women.

This study found that estradiol affects hair growth in mice by regulating the transition of hair follicles from rest to growth phases via the estrogen receptor pathway in the dermal papilla.

This article discusses immunohistochemical analysis of estrogen and progesterone receptors in endometrium and peritoneal endometriosis, introducing a new quantitative method, but reports no new experimental results.

This paper outlines that treatments reducing estrogen for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, such as SERMs and AIs, significantly improve life expectancy but may lead to alopecia in 15% to 25% of patients.

In this study, topical estrogens and corticosteroids were associated with decreased telogen rates in 52% of androgenetic alopecia patients, suggesting potential clinical improvement, though the role of corticosteroids remains unclear.

This study concluded that a regimen of transdermal estradiol and oral medroxyprogesterone acetate effectively reduces hirsutism while minimizing side effects in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

This study discusses the complex roles and effects of brain-synthesized sex neurosteroids, highlighting sex differences in their concentrations and their varied impacts on synaptic plasticity, cognitive behavior, and aging-related cognitive decline.

This study found that a low estrogen-containing oral contraceptive normalized hormone levels and improved symptoms in women with polycystic ovary disease, with minimal side effects reported.

This study suggests that adding androgens to menopausal hormone therapy may reduce breast cancer risk by counteracting estrogen-driven proliferation in postmenopausal breast tissue.

This review discusses the role of oestrogens in stimulating growth hormone secretion and influencing linear bone growth in children, and reports no new clinical results; the authors suggest that oestrogens play a key role in pubertal growth spurts for both genders.

This study found that androgen binding in male rat livers involves specific androgen receptors, which decrease with castration and are inducible in female livers with testosterone.

The study found that patients with androgenetic alopecia had higher serum GPER-1 levels, which were associated with disease severity and duration, indicating a potential estrogen-independent role of GPER-1 in the condition's pathogenesis.

This study found that serum GPER-1 levels were significantly higher in patients with androgenetic alopecia compared to healthy controls, suggesting a potential role in the condition's pathogenesis, independent of gender.

This study found that both finasteride and a regimen of cyproterone acetate plus ethinyl estradiol effectively reduced hirsutism in women, with similar results despite differing hormonal effects.