147 citations
,
September 2006 in “Developmental Cell” This study found that Smad7 perturbs hair follicle development while promoting sebaceous gland formation by antagonizing Wnt/β-catenin signaling in transgenic mice.
19 citations
,
February 2013 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” 23 citations
,
June 2023 in “Cell Reports” In this study, researchers used transcriptomics and modeling to uncover previously unknown cell populations and marker genes in developing hair follicles, providing insights into early cell fate establishment and offering tools for further research on skin appendages.
15 citations
,
December 2020 in “International journal of molecular sciences” This review explores how epidermal stem cells contribute to the development and maintenance of various skin structures, and highlights specific markers and proteins associated with these cells, but reports no new clinical results.
November 2022 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” In this study, researchers mapped gene expression in developing hair follicles to reveal unknown cell populations and markers, suggesting early establishment of cell fates in hair placodes.
2 citations
,
August 2020 in “Scientific reports” This study identified genes potentially involved in the development and differentiation of skin appendages in Atelerix albiventris, noting significant enrichment of immune-related genes in hair-type tissues.
May 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” This study found that hair-type tissues in hedgehogs show higher enrichment of immune-related genes compared to spine-type tissues, suggesting that spines evolved to protect against injuries and infections.
1 citations
,
April 2025 in “Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna” This research re-analyzed single-cell gene expression data from a mouse model, confirming that certain genes involved in the EDA-EDAR and WNT pathways are crucial for skin appendage development, suggesting that their restoration may mitigate the effects of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in children.
22 citations
,
August 1999 in “Mechanisms of Development” This study identified two novel genes, pmg-1 and pmg-2, expressed in various skin and gland tissues and potentially involved in the differentiation of epithelial cells in epidermal appendages.
April 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that increasing En1 expression in mouse epidermis can convert cutaneous appendages to eccrine sweat glands, suggesting a role for En1 in eccrine gland development.
May 2026 in “Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy” This study found that rete ridge morphogenesis in mammalian skin is directed by a BMP-dependent developmental program, which is evolutionarily distinct from other known pathways controlling the development of hair follicles, sweat glands, and fingerprint ridges.
April 2023 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” This study identifies key transcriptomic features and a necessary dermal niche for eccrine gland development, advancing potential regenerative approaches for these vital skin appendages.
1 citations
,
December 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This study found that manipulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling in embryonic mammary glands impacted their development, with high activity levels hindering branching and potentially redirecting cells toward hair follicle identity instead of mammary tissue.
6 citations
,
June 1993 in “Veterinary Dermatology” This case report describes a female Rottweiler with generalized congenital hypotrichosis, where most skin biopsies showed a complete absence of follicular development, marking only the second documented case of this genodermatosis in female dogs.
56 citations
,
February 2012 in “Developmental biology” This study found that the absence of Sostdc1 in mice alters mammary gland and hair follicle development, particularly by increasing vibrissae numbers and causing unusual nipple-like structures.
253 citations
,
March 1994 in “Developmental dynamics” This study suggests that programmed cell death plays a crucial role in shaping the structure of the human epidermis and its appendages during development.
January 2004 in “Linchuang pifuke zazhi” This study found that in fetal skin development, both α- and β-catenins showed similar expression patterns, indicating their related roles in the development of the epidermis and skin appendages.
85 citations
,
July 2012 in “Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology” This article discusses the roles of epidermal stem cells in maintaining skin homeostasis and highlights how deregulation in signaling pathways may lead to cancer, but it reports no new experimental results.
65 citations
,
December 2000 in “PubMed” This article reviews key questions in skin biology, particularly the mechanisms of hair follicle patterning and the role of stem cells in the epidermis, reporting no new results.
10 citations
,
May 1978 in “Acta Dermato Venereologica” In this study, seven patients with generalized toxic erythema developed sterile pustules localized to hair follicles or sweat ducts, with most having a history of medication, solvent exposure, or infection.
January 1997 in “Elsevier eBooks” This review discusses the development and types of hair and nails as skin appendages and reports no new research findings.
16 citations
,
November 1994 in “Developmental Biology” Retinoic acid causes gland formation instead of hair in mouse skin by altering epidermal and dermal interactions.
788 citations
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February 2007 in “Nature” This review explores how adult skin epithelia preserve stem cell populations for hair follicle regeneration and wound healing, but reports no new experimental results.
August 2023 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” This study found that maintaining a low level of Wnt/β-catenin activity is crucial for mammary gland development, as excessive activity inhibits branching and promotes characteristics of hair follicles instead, highlighting its role in skin appendage identity decisions.
17 citations
,
January 1997 in “Cell and Tissue Research” This study found that a serum-free DMEM-F12 medium with 45% oxygen best supports in vitro development and differentiation of human fetal skin, closely mimicking the in vivo state.
This study suggests that exogenous retinoic acid can alter the morphogenesis pathway of developing skin appendages when applied during the placodal stage, leading to changes like feather formation in atypical regions of chick embryos.
44 citations
,
July 2016 in “Stem Cells Translational Medicine” This study demonstrated that cultured epidermal stem cells and skin-derived precursors can regenerate functional hair follicles and sebaceous glands in both mice and adult humans, suggesting potential for bioengineered skin substitutes.
17 citations
,
August 2014 in “The Anatomical Record” The researchers reported that scaffoldin, a protein identified in chicken embryos, likely plays a role in forming periderm granules and contributes to the soft cornification of embryonic epidermis.
January 2018 in “Stem cell biology and regenerative medicine” This review discusses the interplay between signaling/transcription factor-mediated and epigenetic mechanisms in skin development and regeneration, highlighting the need for further exploration of epigenome reorganization in these processes.
76 citations
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May 2011 in “Cell death and differentiation” This study found that the enzyme A20 helps regulate EDAR-induced NF-κB signaling in mice, preventing ectodermal abnormalities like disheveled hair and assuring proper skin and appendage development.