January 2022 in “Figshare” In this study, researchers found that dermal papilla cell exosomes can enhance hair follicle stem cell proliferation and reduce apoptosis through the Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling pathway, offering insights for potential hair problem treatments.
January 2022 in “Yokohama National University Repository (Yokohama National University)” This study found that exosomes from human dermal papilla cell cultures, particularly in an oxygen-permeable 3D environment, most effectively supported hair follicle stem cell maintenance and promoted hair follicle formation in vitro.
This study proposes that neutralizing antibodies and exosomes in convalescent plasma may interfere with early immune responses, potentially explaining limited success of this therapy in active COVID-19 infections.
April 2020 in “Research Square (Research Square)” This study found that exosomes derived from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells significantly promote cutaneous wound healing in rats by modulating the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.
January 2019 in “Cell & developmental biology” This study found that using 3D cultures and fetal tissue extracts significantly improved the outcomes of stem cell treatments for regenerative medicine, including hair follicle formation and chronic wound healing.
February 2023 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This study found that exosomes derived from dermal papilla cells can enhance the proliferation of hair follicle stem cells by stimulating the LEF1 pathway, offering insights into hair follicle growth regulation.
December 2022 in “Stem Cells and Development” The researchers reported that using exosomes from hair follicle stem cells with acellular nerve allografts helped bridge facial nerve defects in rats and may match the effectiveness of autograft therapy.
April 2016 in “International Journal of Drug Delivery” This study found that finasteride ethosome formulations with specific ethanol and soya lecithin concentrations significantly enhanced transdermal drug delivery compared to a potential nanogel.
November 2023 in “Klìtinna ta organna transplantologìâ” This study reviews the regenerative potential and clinical applications of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells in conditions like COVID-19, alopecia, skin aging, and osteoarthritis, highlighting their role as a promising tool in regenerative medicine.
13 citations
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May 2025 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This study reports that adipose mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes and platelet-rich plasma both improved the condition of photoaged facial skin, with no significant difference in effectiveness between the two treatments, potentially offering a quicker and less invasive option for patients.
2 citations
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August 2024 in “International Journal of Dermatology” This study found that treating patients with androgenetic alopecia using exosomes from adipose tissue stem cells over 24 weeks significantly increased hair density and patient satisfaction without severe adverse effects, suggesting a promising alternative treatment for hair loss.
August 2026 in “Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Global Open” In this study, researchers observed that hybrid secretomes most effectively stimulated proliferation and stem cell markers for hair regeneration in hamster skin, while human secretomes strongly activated the Wnt/β catenin pathway, suggesting different underlying mechanisms among the tested formulations.
July 2026 in “Clinical Case Reports” This single-patient case study reported promising results for severe, corticosteroid-resistant alopecia areata, with treatment using exosomes derived from mesenchymal stromal cells leading to almost complete hair regrowth in 12 weeks and favorable changes in inflammatory markers, suggesting potential for further investigation.
March 2026 in “Medeniyet Medical Journal” This study found that hypoxia-conditioned mesenchymal stem cell exosomes increased GM-CSF and decreased IL-1 expression in a dose-dependent manner in a murine model, suggesting potential for treating androgenetic alopecia.
March 2026 in “Journal of Nanobiotechnology” This study developed a hydrogel microneedle system combining ginseng-derived exosomes and biomimetic nanoparticles to address oxidative stress, inflammation, and melanocyte deficiency in vitiligo, showing significant repigmentation in mice within 3 weeks by enhancing melanocyte protection and keratinocyte proliferation.
February 2026 in “SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología” This study demonstrated that engineered exosomes loaded with growth factors, EGF and FGF, could successfully repair the hair follicle microenvironment in an androgenetic alopecia mouse model, enhancing hair growth without causing adverse immune reactions or toxicity.
February 2026 in “International Journal of Nanomedicine” This study demonstrated that engineered exosomes carrying EGF and FGF restored hair density and follicle integrity in an androgenetic alopecia mouse model by reactivating hair follicle growth factors, offering a novel therapeutic approach without immunogenic reactions or systemic toxicity.
April 2025 in “OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University)” In this study, researchers found that circulating exosomes isolated from the plasma of Xinji fine-wool and small-tailed Han sheep influenced hair growth characteristics in mice, altering follicle and hair shaft diameters, and affecting hair follicle development and melanin synthesis.
April 2025 in “OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University)” This study investigated the impact of circulating exosomes from Xinji fine-wool and small-tailed Han sheep on hair growth in mice, finding that these exosomes influenced hair follicle development and melanin synthesis, with differences noted in hair follicle and hair diameters between different exosome treatments.
January 2025 in “Case Reports in Dermatological Medicine” In this study, two female patients with severe, treatment-resistant alopecia areata showed significant hair regrowth after a single session of intradermal administration of adipose tissue–derived exosomes, without experiencing adverse events, suggesting a promising therapeutic strategy for refractory cases.
July 2024 in “Pharmaceutics” In a mouse model of androgenetic alopecia, this study found that a novel hydrogel containing minoxidil-incorporated engineered exosomes (Gel@MNs) enhanced hair regeneration more effectively than conventional minoxidil, increasing hair follicle number and size while reducing skin irritation.
November 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” In this study, topical application of adipose stem cell exosomes was found to reduce facial redness in atopic dermatitis patients treated with dupilumab, while improving skin hydration and decreasing inflammation markers over 12 weeks.
This study found that garlic exosomes induced hair growth in rats by increasing anagen follicle counts and activating multiple signaling pathways, including Wnt-1, β-catenin, and TGF-β1.
9 citations
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July 2025 in “Pharmaceuticals” This review highlights the therapeutic potential of plant-derived exosomes, noting their larger size compared to animal-derived exosomes and usefulness in targeted drug delivery and inter-kingdom communication. It summarizes existing research on their biogenesis, characterization, and engineering for drug delivery, indicating significant opportunities for biotechnological advancements.
4 citations
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February 2021 in “Nano select” This review discusses the role and therapeutic potential of mesenchymal cell-derived exosomes in organ development and disease treatment, highlighting their application in cell-free therapeutic strategies and current challenges faced in their use.
1 citations
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September 2025 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” This narrative review highlights the potential of autologous adipose mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (AMSCs-Exos) in anti-skin aging, noting their superior biocompatibility and manufacturing advantages while stressing the need for standardized production protocols to overcome existing application challenges.
1 citations
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March 2025 in “Molecular Medicine Reports” This review discusses the potential therapeutic effects of exosomes from various cell sources in treating acute kidney injury and explores their mechanisms, but reports no new clinical results.
March 2026 in “Plastic and Aesthetic Research” This review highlights that exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells, particularly those enriched with circ-Ash1l, can inhibit ferroptosis and reduce UVB-induced skin aging by delivering GPX4-promoting signals to damaged cells, thus offering a potential regenerative therapy for photoaged skin.
December 2024 in “Molecules” This study observed that bovine milk-derived exosomes can alleviate intestinal inflammation, improve cognitive function, support nervous system regeneration, promote bone health, and benefit skin health, although further research is needed to fully understand their mechanisms and potential clinical applications.
February 2026 in “International Journal of Recent Surgical and Medical Sciences” This review highlights that both human-derived and plant-derived exosomes show anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, with human exosomes being better for targeted medicinal treatments due to their ability to transport healing drugs, while plant exosomes are more scalable and cost-effective for cosmetic applications.