June 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” This study found that the HoxC gene cluster is crucial for the development of hair and nails in mice, with key regulation by two mammalian-specific enhancers.
September 2019 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This study identifies two previously unreported pathogenic RIPK4 gene variants, suggesting a functional link with cell adhesion molecules in ectodermal dysplasias.
April 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Mutations in the TSPEAR gene cause a new form of ectodermal dysplasia affecting hair and tooth development.
September 2013 in “Helda (University of Helsinki)” This study explored the genetics of inherited developmental defects in dogs and identified novel mutations affecting traits like caudal dysplasia, ectodermal dysplasia, and mucopolysaccharidosis VII, suggesting dogs as models to study human diseases.
This study identified novel mutations associated with ectodermal dysplasias in Pakistani families, including a missense mutation in the KRTHB5 gene linked to pure hair-nail ectodermal dysplasias and mutations in the EDAR gene related to hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia.
32 citations
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June 2013 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that reducing HDAC1 activity in the skin of mice led to defects in hair follicle structure and pigmentation, highlighting HDAC's role in skin and hair maintenance.
32 citations
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January 1971 in “Annals of Internal Medicine” This study observed that severe bronchitis may occur in individuals with anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia when exposed to a dusty environment, potentially due to abnormalities in the bronchial mucosa.
30 citations
,
June 2016 in “Journal of Human Genetics” This study found pathogenic mutations in genes EDA, EDA1R, and EDARADD in 101 out of 124 hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia patients, revealing 23 novel mutations and indicating genetic variability.
21 citations
,
April 2004 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology” This report describes a rare case of hair and nail ectodermal dysplasia in a 3-year-old girl, where treatment with topical minoxidil resulted in minimal improvement after 12 months.
20 citations
,
January 1997 in “Dermatology” This case report describes a 16-year-old with ectrodactyly-ED-clefting syndrome, where scarring alopecia with follicular involvement appeared during puberty, possibly due to anatomic hair abnormalities.
17 citations
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August 2012 in “Journal of Medical Genetics” This article reviews the genetic mutations associated with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and reports no new clinical results; the authors highlight the roles of EDA gene isoforms and related receptors.
9 citations
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October 1995 in “Clinical Dysmorphology” This study described a Scottish family with hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia featuring variable symptoms such as hypo/oligodontia, thin hair, and heat tolerance, and concluded they exhibited overlapping traits with Clouston syndrome.
4 citations
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November 2020 in “Acta Dermato Venereologica” In this study, patients with specific skin and scalp conditions, including eczematous lesions, showed significant improvement after two weeks of oral tofacitinib treatment, as evidenced by changes in the trunk lesions.
4 citations
,
January 2017 in “Acta dermato-venereologica” A new EDA gene mutation was found in a Chinese family with a specific skin disorder.
2 citations
,
September 2021 in “Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases” In this study, HED patients with COVID-19 showed a higher risk of postinfection fatigue and hair loss compared to controls, suggesting they are more susceptible to long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
2 citations
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May 2016 in “Journal of dermatology” This letter discusses tissue expansion for correcting alopecia in a child with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, but provides no new experimental results.
1 citations
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April 2025 in “Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna” This research re-analyzed single-cell gene expression data from a mouse model, confirming that certain genes involved in the EDA-EDAR and WNT pathways are crucial for skin appendage development, suggesting that their restoration may mitigate the effects of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in children.
1 citations
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November 2017 in “Expert opinion on orphan drugs” This review discusses the genetic basis of ectodermal dysplasia, highlighting that identification of gene pathologies enhances diagnosis and supports prenatal DNA testing, but it reports no new clinical results.
May 2026 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” This study reports a 10-year-old boy with ectodermal dysplasia and progressive balding experienced reduced hair shedding and increased hair density after four months of sublingual minoxidil treatment, without side-effects.
February 2026 in “Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases” This study identified pathogenic or likely pathogenic gene variants in 70.1% of Russian families affected by hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, expanding knowledge of causative mutations.
January 2026 in “Acta Dermato Venereologica” This source reports that four weeks of dupilumab treatment led to notable improvement in skin lesions, including multiple erythematous patches and papules on the face, back, and limbs.
July 2024 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment” In this case report, a 6-year-old boy with hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia 2 caused by GJB6 mutations showed no significant hair improvement with age, despite treatment with botanical extracts and Minoxidil.
This study identified a missense variant in the EDA gene of a male cat, which likely caused hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, characterized by hair and teeth abnormalities; this represents the first report of such a genetic condition in cats.
June 2022 in “Indian Journal of Ophthalmology/Indian journal of ophthalmology” This case report of an infant with AEC syndrome highlights the importance of early and aggressive management of ocular complications to preserve vision and reduce the risk of amblyopia.
This study identified several genetic mutations linked to hereditary skin and hair disorders in consanguineous families from remote areas of Pakistan, enhancing understanding of the molecular basis of these conditions.
109 citations
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October 2007 in “American Journal of Human Genetics” This study found that postnatal treatment with recombinant EDA normalized adult teeth, improved sweating, and restored normal lacrimation in dogs with XLHED, suggesting its potential as a treatment for the condition.
74 citations
,
October 2012 in “The American Journal of Human Genetics” This study found that loss-of-function mutations in the HOXC13 gene cause autosomal-recessive pure hair and nail ectodermal dysplasia, emphasizing its role in hair and nail development.
42 citations
,
October 2009 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” In this study, researchers identified two distinct homozygous mutations in the KRT85 gene among consanguineous Pakistani families with pure hair and nail ectodermal dysplasia, highlighting variations in severity and potential impacts on the K85 protein function.
35 citations
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April 2014 in “American Journal of Medical Genetics” The study reported a significant genotype–phenotype correlation in prepubescent males with XLHED, particularly in the severity of skin and hair manifestations between those with different EDA mutations.
30 citations
,
January 2013 in “Human Mutation” This study identified a homozygous frameshift mutation in the HOXC13 gene associated with pure hair and nail ectodermal dysplasia in a consanguineous Syrian family, suggesting crucial roles for HOXC13 in hair and nail development.