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European patent law now allows patents for new uses and dosages of known drugs, but protection scope is unclear.

UK courts and the European Patent Office are now more open to granting patents for new dosage regimes.

The UK High Court revoked Lundbeck's patent for Escitalopram, and second medical use claims based on dosage were not considered novel.

Dosage regime inventions can be patentable in China, but legal uncertainty exists.

The UK Court of Appeal ruled that new dosing regimens for drugs can be patented, aligning with the European Patent Office's approach.

New treatments for psoriasis have improved effectiveness and may reduce long-term side effects when combined with standard therapies.

The UK Intellectual Property Office allows granting of supplementary protection certificates with negative terms.

Australian court ruled that Bickfords did not infringe on Monster Energy's trade mark because Monster was not sold or known in Australia at the time.

Pill organizers and cutters can help with taking medication regularly but may affect the medication's effectiveness and safety.

Flumethasone causes wool shedding in Merino wethers, with recovery in about 60 days.

The document suggests reevaluating the patent system to ensure public benefits from pharmaceutical privileges and to encourage more significant innovations.

Low-level Laser Therapy may help reduce inflammation, pain, and aid healing, but more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness and establish standard treatment guidelines.

Beige and leaden pigment genes act within melanocytes, affecting pigment patterns.

Tiny particles called extracellular vesicles show promise for skin improvement and anti-aging in facial care but face challenges like low production and lack of research.

Cyproterone acetate is effective for acne but less so for hirsutism and alopecia, with some side effects and quick menstrual cycle recovery after treatment.

Spironolactone is better than placebo for reducing excessive hair growth in women, but its effectiveness for acne is unclear due to small study sizes.

Mesotherapy for hair loss lacks evidence of effectiveness and safety and should not be used without further scientific support.

The document summarizes medical findings on topics like heart rhythm treatment, sleep apnea therapy, and various health conditions and treatments.

Anabolic steroids can build muscle and strength but have risks and need more research on their clinical benefits and side effects.

Improving artificial vascular grafts requires better materials and surface designs to reduce blood clotting and support blood vessel cell growth.

Corticosteroids, especially prednisone, improve short-term muscle strength in Duchenne muscular dystrophy but have manageable side effects.

Manage vitiligo with treatments, address emotions, and use camouflage techniques.

The document concludes that the fast-growing direct-to-consumer genetic testing market lacks sufficient regulation, posing risks to consumers due to questionable test quality and accuracy.

The guidelines suggest a detailed approach to diagnosing and treating lupus, with a focus on regular check-ups, personalized medicine, and a range of drug options for different cases.

Hormone therapy for trans individuals is effective and generally safe in the short term.

Hormone treatments for transgender individuals generally improve mental health and physical transition, with some health risks that require medical supervision.

Accurate diagnosis and effective oral treatment are key to managing tinea capitis and preventing its spread.

A girl with rickets and hair loss was found to have a rare condition where her body didn't respond to vitamin D treatment.

Prostate cancer prevention includes diet changes, supplements, and medications, with more answers expected soon.

The conclusion is that the best initial treatment for hirsutism is usually oral contraceptives, with the addition of antiandrogens or insulin sensitizers if needed, and topical eflornithine or laser treatments as supplementary options.