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    Glossary Cystine

    amino acid formed by linking two cysteine molecules

    Cystine is an amino acid that forms when two cysteine molecules are linked by a disulfide bond. It is important for the structural stability of proteins, particularly in keratin, which is a key component of hair, skin, and nails. This bond helps maintain the strength and rigidity of these proteins, contributing to the overall health and resilience of hair and other tissues.

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    1. Chemoprevention of smoke-induced alopecia in mice by oral administration of l-cystine and vitamin B6 Journal of dermatological science · 2007 · 41 citations
    2. Ultrastructural Localization of S100A3, a Cysteine-rich, Calcium Binding Protein, in Human Scalp Hair Shafts Revealed by Rapid-freezing Immunocytochemistry Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry · 1999 · 40 citations
    3. [Low dosage retinol and L-cystine combination improve alopecia of the diffuse type following long-term oral administration]. PubMed · 1989 · 16 citations
    4. Cystine-thiamin-containing hair-growth formulation modulates the response to UV radiation in an in vitro model for growth-limiting conditions of human keratinocytes Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B-biology · 2018 · 9 citations
    5. Xenobiotics in Vitro: The Influence ofL-Cystine, Pantothenat, and Miliacin on Metabolic and Proliferative Capacity of Keratinocytes Cutaneous and ocular toxicology · 2006 · 9 citations
    6. Determination of Cystine and Cysteine in Altered Human Hair Fibers Analytical Chemistry · 1947 · 9 citations
    7. Application of XANES profiles to X-ray spectromicroscopy for biomedical specimens: Part II. Mapping oxidation state of cysteine in human hair Journal of X-ray science and technology · 2011 · 9 citations
    8. Utilization of L-Cystine and L- and D-Methionine by Mink during the Period of Intensive Hair Growth Acta agriculturae Scandinavica · 1982 · 7 citations
    9. The Influence of Electrode Potentials on the Extent of Reduction of Cystine in Hair Fibers by Reducing Agents Textile Research Journal · 1955 · 4 citations
    10. Dissecting hair breakage in alopecia areata: the central role of dysregulated cysteine homeostasis Amino Acids · 2024 · 3 citations
    11. Evaluation of a Combination of Cystine, B Vitamins and Minerals, in the Management of Diffuse Hair Loss in Women: A Prospective, Open-Label Study Preprints.org · 2026
    12. Repeatable Perming via Thiol–Michael Click Reaction: Using Amide Derived from Maleic Acid and Cystine Molecules · 2026
    13. Efficacy of Compound GV-350 with Tricofer® Iron, Cystine and Biotin in the Management of Telogen Effluvium in Women with Iron Deficiency 2025
    14. Adhesion Failure of External Hair Cuticles Caused by Prussian Blue: Possible Electrochemical Roles of Sulfur and Cystine 2016
    15. Randomisierte, doppelblind Placebo-kontrollierte Studie zur Wirksamkeit eines spezifischen, CYP (Cystin, Medizinalhefe, Pantothensäure)-Komplex-haltigen Arzneimittels zur Nahrungsergänzung (Pantogar) bei Frauen 60+ mit Haarausfall Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) · 2015
    16. Das Phototrichogramm als Verfahren zur Beurteilung haarwachstumsfördernder Präparate am Beispiel einer Kombination von Hirsefruchtextrakt, L-Cystin und Calciumpantothenat : Ergebnisse einer in vivo Untersuchung bei Frauen mit androgenetischem Haarausfall 2000
    17. Reconnection of cysteine in reduced hair with alkylene dimaleates via thiol‐Michael click chemistry International Journal of Cosmetic Science · 2024
    18. Structure and expression of genes for a class of cysteine-rich proteins of the cuticle layers of differentiating wool and hair follicles. 1990 · 67 citations
    19. Cysteine Prevents the Reduction in Keratin Synthesis Induced by Iron Deficiency in Human Keratinocytes Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · 2015 · 40 citations
    20. Gene Expression of Mouse S100A3, a Cysteine-Rich Calcium-Binding Protein, in Developing Hair Follicle 1998 · 40 citations
    21. Convergent Evolution of Cysteine-Rich Keratins in Hard Skin Appendages of Terrestrial Vertebrates Molecular biology and evolution · 2019 · 36 citations
    22. Protein disulphide isomerase-mediated grafting of cysteine-containing peptides onto over-bleached hair Biocatalysis and biotransformation · 2011 · 28 citations
    23. Adenosine stimulates growth of dermal papilla and lengthens the anagen phase by increasing the cysteine level via fibroblast growth factors 2 and 7 in an organ culture of mouse vibrissae hair follicles International Journal of Molecular Medicine · 2011 · 28 citations
    24. Characterization of a gene encoding a cysteine-rich keratin associated protein synthesized late in rabbit hair follicle differentiation Differentiation · 1995 · 26 citations
    25. Characterisation of an Ovine Keratin Associated Protein (KAP) Gene, Which Would Produce a Protein Rich in Glycine and Tyrosine, but Lacking in Cysteine Genes · 2019 · 24 citations
    26. Isolation and characterization of genomic clones of human sequences presumably coding for hair cysteine-rich proteins Journal of Dermatological Science · 1997 · 11 citations
    27. Characterization of transport systems for cysteine, lysine, alanine, and leucine in wool follicles of sheep 2007 · 9 citations
    28. Cysteine and Glutamine level in hair shaft fractures patients International Journal of Dermatology Venereology and Leprosy Sciences · 2024 · 1 citations
    29. A prospective real-world study evaluating serum levels of arginine and cysteine in women with chronic telogen effluvium: do we really need blanket prescription of amino acid supplementation? Clinical and Experimental Dermatology · 2022 · 1 citations
    30. Isolation and characterization of a sheep cysteine-rich cuticle keratin pseudogene DNA sequence · 1992 · 1 citations