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Glossary Cyclin D1

regulates cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase

Cyclin D1, also known as CCND1, is a protein that plays a crucial role in regulating the cell cycle, specifically the transition from the G1 phase to the S phase, where DNA replication occurs. It acts as a regulatory subunit for certain enzymes called cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and its overexpression is often associated with various types of cancer, as it can lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation.

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research Epidermal Growth Factor Induces Proliferation of Hair Follicle-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Through Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Mediated Activation of ERK and AKT Signaling Pathways Associated with Upregulation of Cyclin D1 and Downregulation of p16

83 citations , October 2016 in “Stem Cells and Development”

This study found that epidermal growth factor significantly enhances the proliferation of hair follicle-derived mesenchymal stem cells through the EGFR/ERK and AKT pathways, without involving the STAT3 pathway.

Fatigue, Alopecia, and Stomatitis Among Patients With Breast Cancer Receiving Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 and 6 Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

research Fatigue, alopecia and stomatitis among patients with breast cancer receiving cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis

28 citations , July 2017 in “Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy”

This study found that CDK4/6 inhibitors in hormone-positive metastatic breast cancer were linked to increased risks of fatigue, alopecia, and stomatitis compared to placebo.

research RhoA promotes epidermal stem cell proliferation via PKN1-cyclin D1 signaling

21 citations , February 2017 in “PLoS ONE”

This study found that RhoA influences embryonic stem cell proliferation through the PKN1-cyclin D1 pathway in vitro, suggesting RhoA as a potential target for wound healing therapies.

research Circ-Smad5 retards the G1/S transition of cell cycle via inhibiting the activity of wnt/lef/cyclind1 signaling in JB6 cells

10 citations , January 2020 in “Genes & Diseases”

In this study, circ-Smad5 was found to inhibit the proliferation and cell cycle progression of JB6 cells by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin/Lef 1 signaling activation, marking the first report of its function.

research Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p21waf1/cip1 and p27kip1, are expressed site- and hair cycle-dependently in rat hair follicles

9 citations , February 2001 in “Journal of Dermatological Science”

This study found that the expressions of CDK inhibitors p21waf1/cip1 and p27kip1 were higher during the anagen phase compared to telogen, suggesting a role in follicular epithelial cell differentiation.

research Drug repurposing of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors for neutrophilic acute respiratory distress syndrome and psoriasis

8 citations , July 2024 in “Journal of Advanced Research”

In this study, researchers report that CDK inhibitors like palbociclib and ribociclib, initially developed for cancer therapy, show potential in treating neutrophilic inflammation-related conditions such as ARDS and psoriasis, although their clinical repurposing requires further research on safety and dose adjustments.

research Cyclin D3 deficiency inhibits skin tumor development, but does not affect normal keratinocyte proliferation

2 citations , July 2017 in “Oncology Letters”

This study found that ablating cyclin D3 in a Ras-dependent skin carcinogenesis model increased apoptosis in hair follicles, reducing papilloma development but potentially facilitating malignant progression when CDK6 is overexpressed.

research Safety assessment of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors and comparison of time to adverse events

2 citations , November 2025 in “PLoS ONE”

This study found that CDK4/6 inhibitors for HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer are linked to typical adverse events such as fatigue and neutropenia, while also identifying unexpected reactions, highlighting potential safety concerns in their real-world use.

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitors and Dermatologic Adverse Events: Results from the EADV Task Force Dermatology for Cancer Patients International Study

research Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitors and Dermatologic Adverse Events: Results from the EADV Task Force “Dermatology for Cancer Patients” International Study

1 citations , July 2023 in “Cancers”

In this multicentric retrospective study, researchers reported that cutaneous adverse events were common among advanced breast cancer patients treated with cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDK4/6i), generally mild, and manageable with topical treatments, though in some cases, they led to treatment discontinuation.

research Cyclin‐dependent kinase 4 expression alters the number of keratinocyte stem cells in the mouse hair follicle

1 citations , January 2022 in “Cell Biology International”

This study found that altering cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) levels in the bulge region of hair follicles affects the balance of stem cell numbers, potentially influencing hair follicle self-renewal and proliferation.

research Abstract 3889: Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 levels affect the number of hair follicle stem cells in mouse epidermis

April 2010 in “Cancer Research”

This study found that altering CDK4 expression in mice affects the population of keratinocyte stem cells, suggesting a correlation with susceptibility to skin papillomas.

research FGF18 signaling determines radioresistance of telogen hair follicles by the arrest of hair cycling

September 2016 in “Journal of dermatological science”

This study suggests that FGF18 may enhance radioresistance in telogen hair follicles by inducing cell cycle arrest, potentially serving as a radioprotector against radiation-induced hair follicle damage.

research `Cyclic alopecia' inMsx2mutants: defects in hair cycling and hair shaft differentiation

158 citations , December 2002 in “Development”

In this study, Msx2-deficient mice showed progressive hair loss due to shortened anagen phase and prolonged catagen and telogen phases, resulting in cyclic alopecia with structurally abnormal hair shafts.

research Cyclic dynamics of hair follicles and the effect of minoxidil on the bald scalps of stumptailed macaques

54 citations , June 1985 in “American Journal of Dermatopathology”

This abstract does not provide specific findings or results.

Secretory Phospholipase A2-IIA Overexpressing Mice Exhibit Cyclic Alopecia Mediated Through Aberrant Hair Shaft Differentiation and Impaired Wound Healing Response

research Secretory phospholipase A2-IIA overexpressing mice exhibit cyclic alopecia mediated through aberrant hair shaft differentiation and impaired wound healing response

7 citations , September 2017 in “Scientific Reports”

This study found that overexpression of sPLA2-IIA in homozygous mice resulted in cyclic alopecia, a halt in hair follicle cycling, and impaired wound healing due to complete loss of hair follicle stem cells.

research Morphogenetic Mechanisms in the Cyclic Regeneration of Hair Follicles and Deer Antlers from Stem Cells

7 citations , January 2013 in “BioMed research international”

This review highlights surprising similarities between hair follicles and antler units, suggesting that a comparative study of their biology could benefit understanding in both areas without presenting new empirical findings.

research Cyclic Alopecia and Abnormal Epidermal Cornification in Zdhhc13 -Deficient Mice Reveal the Importance of Palmitoylation in Hair and Skin Differentiation

16 citations , June 2015 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This study found that DHHC13 is crucial for hair anchoring and skin barrier function, with its deficiency in Zdhhc13(skc4) mice leading to cyclic alopecia and skin abnormalities due to cornifelin deficiencies.

Genetic Alteration of Cyclic Adenosine 3',5'-Monophosphate-Dependent Protein Kinase Subunit Expression Affects Calcium Currents and Beta-Endorphin Release in AtT-20 Clonal Pituitary Cells

research Genetic alteration of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase subunit expression affects calcium currents and beta-endorphin release in AtT-20 clonal pituitary cells.

August 1994 in “Molecular Endocrinology”

This study found that AtT-20 pituitary cells with higher cAMP-dependent kinase activity had larger calcium currents and significantly increased beta-endorphin release compared to cells with lower kinase activity.

research The disruption of Sox21-mediated hair shaft cuticle differentiation causes cyclic alopecia in mice

73 citations , May 2009 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences”

This study found that disrupting the Sox21 gene in mice led to progressive hair loss and regrowth, identifying Sox21 as a key regulator of hair shaft cuticle differentiation.

research Micro-determination of cyclic AMP levels in human epidermis, dermis and hair follicles

19 citations , March 1975 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

This study presents a method for extracting and measuring cyclic AMP in small amounts of skin tissue, finding varying levels in the dermis, epidermis, and hair follicles.

research Cyclic Changes in the Metabolism of Estradiol by Rat Skin During the Hair Cycle**From the Departments of Dermatology and Biochemistry. University of Miami School of Medicine. Miami, Florida, 33136.

17 citations , August 1971 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study observed that enzyme activity influencing estradiol-to-estrone conversion in Wistar rat skin varied with the hair cycle in dorsal skin but was minimal in plantar skin.

research Nonanal Stimulates Growth Factors via Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) Signaling in Human Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla Cells

8 citations , October 2020 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

This laboratory study found that nonanal, a plant scent compound, may stimulate growth factors and cell proliferation in human hair follicle dermal papilla cells, suggesting a cAMP-mediated mechanism.

research Effects of dobutamine on cyclic AMP accumulation induced by the stimulation of dopamine receptors in rabbit retina in vitro

3 citations , September 1980 in “Experientia”

In this study, the pharmacological action of dobutamine on rabbit retinae was found to be distinct from that of other dopamine analogs like apomorphine and N-methyl-dopamine.

research Cyclic ADP-Ribose Modulates Intracellular Calcium Homeostasis and Anagen-Associated Signaling Pathways in Human Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla Cells

January 2026 in “Applied Sciences”

In this study, cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) treatment in human hair follicle dermal papilla cells was associated with increased intracellular calcium retention and activated anagen-related signaling without causing significant cytotoxicity, indicating its potential impact on hair growth processes.

research Cyclic combing of untreated and bleached human hair: Analysis of the time‐dependent breakage of hair through recording the formation of fibre fragments

September 2025 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science”

This study found that for straight hair, friction mainly influences fragment formation during combing, suggesting no direct connection to tensile fatigue failure, while with textured hair, combing performance may be more complex.

research Squamous epithelial proliferation induced by walleye dermal sarcoma retrovirus cyclin in transgenic mice

28 citations , May 2000 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences”

This study demonstrated that the highly divergent WDSV rv-cyclin significantly stimulates eukaryotic cell proliferation, leading to hyperplastic skin lesions in transgenic mice.

research Dermal papilla cell number specifies hair size, shape and cycling and its reduction causes follicular decline

211 citations , April 2013 in “Development”

In this study, researchers found that the number of dermal papilla cells in hair follicles determines hair size and shape in mice, suggesting potential avenues for addressing hair loss.

research Molecular biology of hair morphogenesis: Development and cycling

155 citations , August 2003 in “Journal Of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular And Developmental Evolution”

This review discusses the conserved molecular mechanisms controlling hair follicle development and cycling and suggests they may also apply to other ectodermal derivatives, like teeth and feathers, but it reports no new results.

The Lysosomal Protease Cathepsin L Is an Important Regulator of Keratinocyte and Melanocyte Differentiation During Hair Follicle Morphogenesis and Cycling

research The Lysosomal Protease Cathepsin L Is an Important Regulator of Keratinocyte and Melanocyte Differentiation During Hair Follicle Morphogenesis and Cycling

146 citations , May 2002 in “The American journal of pathology”

This study found that cathepsin L deficiency in mice led to significant abnormalities in hair follicle development and cycling, including disrupted hair shaft outgrowth and premature hair growth phase entry.

research Control of pelage hair follicle development and cycling by complex interactions between follistatin and activin

81 citations , January 2003 in “The FASEB Journal”

This study found that follistatin and activin interactions are important for hair follicle development and cycling in mice, suggesting that they may regulate processes involving BMP-2 and its antagonist.